522 Proceedings of the lioyal Society 
and saw some rude sculpturings in one of them. This discovery in- 
duced him to return for further search, accompanied hy his friends, 
Drs Joseph Robertson, Duns, and Paterson, when two or three new 
caves were visited, and their walls found to be covered at different 
points with representations of various animals, figures, and emblems. 
The cave sculpturings in Fife are of special interest to the 
Scotch archeeologist, for this reason, that they exactly resemble, in 
type and character, the carvings on the so-called Sculptured Stones 
of Scotland. In his magnificent first volume on the Sculptured 
Stones of Scotland, Mr Stuart has collected one hundred and fifty 
examples ; and latterly perhaps fifty more have been discovered. 
These Sculptured Stones extend along the whole east coast of Scot- 
land, from the Forth northwards. Only two have been found south 
of the Forth. In general ornamentation, they resemble the sculp- 
tured stones of the west of Scotland, Ireland, Wales, and England ; 
but the peculiarity of the Scotch stones is, that they have addi- 
tional figures and symbols upon them that have been seen nowhere 
else in the world. These peculiar and characteristic symbols 
consist of the crescent or crescent-ornament, sometimes inter- 
sected with the V sceptre ; of the so-called spectacle ornament — 
a double set of circles connected by middle lines — with or without 
the Z sceptre ; of figures of elephants, fish, serpents, mirrors, 
combs, arches, or tores, &c. The arrangement of these symbols 
upon the stones is in no two instances alike. On the oldest stones 
they are cut upon unhewn blocks, without any surrounding orna- 
mentation. In the Sculptured Stones of a later date, they are cut 
in a raised form, with surrounding ornamentations, and often com- 
bined with figures of the Christian cross. Other figures are found 
carved on these stones, as portraits of priests and dignitaries, pro- 
cessions of men ; the sacrifice of the bull ; war and hunting scenes ; 
animals, native and foreign, as the lion, tiger, camel, and monkey ; 
the battling and devouring of men by wild animals ; men with 
monster heads of beasts and birds ; representations of dragons and 
monsters, &c. There is one instance of the representation of a 
boat and another of a chariot, at Meigle. 
These rude sculpturings have, with one exception, been pre- 
viously to the present time found only on sepulchral stones ; but 
jn the Fife caves they exist in great abundance on the cave walls. 
