525 
of Edinburgh, Session 1865 - 66 . 
the introduction of Christianity ; and in one or two spots there 
are appearances of Christian monograms. Within St Adrian’s 
cave at Caplawchy, near Elie, there are many crosses on the walls ; 
stone seats cut out, &c. ; but no animals or symbols. 
The purposes for which they w^ere cut, and the meaning of the 
mysterious symbols on the caves and sculptured stones, are archas- 
ological enigmata that no one has yet solved. As long as they 
were found on sepulchral monoliths only, they were supposed to be 
hieroglyphic or heraldic funeral inscriptions or emblems. This 
doctrine is so far gainsaid by this late discovery of them on the 
walls of caves. Eut possibly they may be sacred symbols of some 
description, or of some unknown form and meaning. For around 
and upon his gravestones man has always been in the habit of 
cutting emblems of his religion when he has cut anything ; things 
sacred and things sepulchral being found united in his earliest 
carvings. 
Other Scotch caves have sculptures cut upon them. The 
so-called Cave of Bruce, in the Island of Arran, has been found 
by Dr Mitchell and Mr Stuart to have deer and serpents carved on 
its walls ; and many years ago, within St Maine’s cave in Holy 
Island, Dr Daniel Wilson found ancient Scandinavian inscriptions 
written in Kunes. 
In many counties in Scotland, both on the sea shore and inland, 
there exist large caves, the walls of which require to be now care- 
fully examined, in order to find if our ancient forefathers had 
carved upon them any such emblems and sculpturings as have 
been traced in Fife. The Fife caves have formerly been inhabited. 
Dr Simpson showed from one of the Wemyss caves a collection of 
bones which had been split to remove their marrow, like the bones 
found in the old Danish midden heaps, &c. Among the bones were 
those of the deer, sheep, ox, &c. There were also shells of limpets, 
&c. ; and microscopic remains of cereals were found in cavities in 
the rocks that had been apparently used as rubbers or querns. 
Perforated stones and two implements from the tyre of the deer’s 
horn were picked up from the rubbish upon the floor ; but the 
debris of these caves requires to be most carefully searched, before 
all that could be ascertained on this point becomes known to 
archasologists. In Scotland, there is one cave still occasionally 
