531 
of Edinburgh^ Session 1865 - 66 . 
the disposition of the snow-fields and glaciers had already been 
given in the masterly sketch of Principal Forbes — a work which 
was of inestimable value to us.* More detailed descriptions of 
parts of the glaciation of Norway had been published by Scandi- 
navian geologists — Esmarkjt Horbye,! Kjerulf,§ Sexe,|| and others. 
Yet I was not without the hope that, besides adding to our own 
experience, we might also be fortunate enough to find in the Nor- 
wegian fjords materials for making still more clear the geological 
history of our own western sea-lochs. 
The close resemblance between the general outline of Scotland 
and that of Scandinavia is too well known to need more than a 
passing allusion. The numerous deep and intricate indentations, 
the endless islands and skerries, the mountainous shores, the host 
* “ Norway and its Glaciers.” 8vo. 1853. Mr Cliambers also has referred 
to the striated rocks in different parts of Norway in his “ Tracings of the 
North of Europe.” 1850. 
t Esmark. “ Edin. New Phil. Journal,” vok ii. p. 116 et seq. (1826). In 
this paper the former presence of land ice over large areas from which it 
is now absent, and its powerful influence as a geological agent of abrasion, 
are, for the first time, distinctly recognised. The illustrations are taken from 
the south of Norway. 
J Horhye. “ Observations sur les phenomenes d’erosion en Norvege.” — 
Programme de V Universite de Christiania pour 1857. The author gives a care- 
ful resume of all the observations made by himself and others upon the direc- 
tion of the strise on the rocks of Norway, and adds a number of maps, one of 
which shows the outward radiation of the strise from the central mountain 
mass of Scandinavia. Yet he commits himself to no theory as to the nature 
of the agent by which the strife were produced. In a concluding section upon 
the glacial theory, he says : — “ II est vrai sans doute qu’en general la direc- 
tion des stries est parallele a I’avancement des glaciers actuels ; mais je ne 
vois pas que cette circonstance puisse suffisamment demontrer que les stries 
ont ete gravees par les glaciers.” “ Je me joins a cette conclusion, que les 
sulcatures du Nord se presentent comme desproduits d’un agent plus j)uissant 
et plus general que les glaciers dont Paction conserve toujours un caractere 
plus local.” But he does not indicate what this more powerful and more 
general agent may be. 
§ Kjerulf. “ Uber das Friktions-Phaenomen.” Christiania. 8vo. 1860. 
See also Programme de PUniversite de Christiania pour 1860, and Zeitschrift 
der Deutsch. Geol. Geselschaft, 1863, p. 619, and plate xvii. 
II Sexe. “ Om Sneebrseen Folgefon.” Christiania. Universitetsprogram 
for andet Halvaar 1864. This paper gives a detailed account, with map and 
sections, of the Folgefon snow-field and its glaciers, including the well- 
known glacier of Bondhuus. 
