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Proceedings of the Royal Society 
scribed, and it is occupied by a much longer and larger glacier. To 
one who looks up the valley from the opposite side of the fjord, it 
seems as if the ample glacier which fills up tlie bottom sweeps 
down from the snow-field in a rapid descent to the very edge of 
the sea. On a visit to the locality, however, it is found that be- 
tween the foot of the glacier and the sea margin, tliere lies a plain 
of shingle and alluvium, which is partly covered with a brushwood 
of birch, and partly with a scanty pasturage. As it nears the ice 
it rises into ridges and hummocks, which increase in size as we 
ascend. These are true moraine mounds, rising often 60 or 70 feet 
above their base, and strongly reminding me of the moraines at 
Loch Skene, Peeblesshire. They consist of earth and stones, and 
are strewed over with large blocks of gneiss, porphyry, limestone, and 
other crystalline rocks. About a quarter of a mile from the margin 
of the fjord, along the eastern half of the breadth of the valley, 
these mounds come in contact with the foot of the glacier, which 
is there pushed in a long tongue down the valley. The ice over- 
rides the moraine heaps, ploughing them and pushing them over. 
Fig. 6. — Sections across the lower end of the larger Glacier. Fondalen. 
In the upper section, the glacier is shown overriding its moraine ; in the lower, the small 
lake with floating ice intervenes between the end of the glacier and the moraine. In each sec- 
tion //marks the level of the fjord. 
On the west side of this prolongation of the glacier, the ice is 
separated from the moraine mound by a small lake, of which the 
surplus waters find their way seaward by cutting through the 
moraine. Like Loch Skene and many lakes still existing in Bri- 
tain, this sheet of water is formed by the dam of rubbish thrown 
down by the glacier across the valley. It is full of fragments of 
ice, which break off from the parent mass, and float across to the 
north or lower side, where they strand on the moraine heaps, and 
