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o f Edinburgh, Session 1865 - 66 . 
surface the piles of rubbish and huge blocks of greywacke that now 
form the moraines of Midlaw, and dam back the waters of Loch 
Skene. A large snow-field is not necessary for the production of a 
glacier that may form comparatively extensive moraines.* 
The south-western side of the Lyngen Fjord is formed by a mass 
ot high ground, which shoots up steeply from the sea to a height 
of 4000 feet or more. Every hollow and cliff is smothered with 
snow, which descends in straggling streaks and patches almost to 
the edge of the water. VYe sailed up the fjord for some miles, and 
had a full view of this truly magnificent coast line. We counted 
from ten to twelve small glaciers nestling in separate corries, and 
also two or three on the north-eastern side. There was here the 
same evidence of the formation of glaciers in small independent 
hollows of the mountains, quite detached, at least in the summer, 
IVom any large snow-field. 
We halted at the island of Skjaervo (lat. 70°) for the purpose of 
making an excursion across the Kvenangen Fjord and up the 
Jokuls Fjord, to see the glacier which was said to reach the level of 
the sea.f The metamorphic rocks among which the Jokuls Fjord 
lies, are for the most part of a flaggy quartzose character. Some- 
times, especially where they are most fissile, they are violently 
crumpled. Parts of them pass into hornblende rock and actinolite 
schist. Their average strike is on an east and west line. They 
are much jointed, and yield freely to the action of the weather. 
Hence, a rough and angular surface has very generally replaced 
the ice-moulded outlines, though these still here and there remain. 
North Wales presents a number of illustrations of this remark, such asCwm 
Graianog, Cwm Idwal, &c. (see Professor Kamsay’s Glaciers of North Wales). 
t This glacier was noticed by Von Buch, and is mentioned by Principal 
Forbes. When we visited it, I "was not aware that a brief account of it had been 
given in vol. ii. of “ Peaks, Passes, and Glaciers,” second series. Mr J. F. Hardy, 
the writer of that description, started overland from Talvik on the Alten Fjord, 
and reached the Jokuls Fjord below the glacier, to which he ascended by boat. 
Like my own party, he did not climb the glacier, but he seems to have re- 
garded it as connected with the snow-field above. Though I did not succeed 
in ascending the rugged cliffs, I had no doubt that the lower glacier, from its 
colour, and the steepness and contraction of the gorge above it, is a true gla- 
cier remanie, and like the Suphelle glacier described by Forbes (“ Norway and 
its Glaciers,” p. 149), is quite disconnected, at least in summer, from the snow- 
fields above. 
