576 
Proceedings of the Royal Society 
In these cases, he describes the width of the nostril on the 
affected side as greater, the bridge of the nose less arched, and the 
distance between the two orbits increased. In all cases, the lower 
ends of the nasal bones project further forwards than in healthy 
new-born children. The nasal processes of the frontal bone in bila- 
teral cleft palate are shown by him to be broader, the width between 
the tubera frontalia to be increased ; and besides the two eyes being 
further removed from each other, the form and size of the orbits are 
altered ; and both in bilateral and unilateral cases are seldom equal 
in size. The minute details of a case are also given by him where, 
associated with double cleft palate, there was a great addition both 
to the breadth and depth of the basis cranii in the ethmoid and 
orbital portions of the frontal region : a condition he considers to 
bear a ‘‘ causal relation” to the occurrence of cleft palate. 
The increased breadth of the anterior part of the head he con- 
siders as necessitating a greater distance between the superior 
maxillm than can be filled up by the development of the inter- 
vening structures. And the cause, again, of this increased breadth 
of the head he believes due to various circumstances, such as 
congenital hernia cerebri, dropsy of the third ventricle, or ante- 
rior cornua of the lateral ventricles, or excessive development of 
the anterior cerebral lobes. Owing to such distension within the 
cranium of the embryo, he shows the parts on each side of the 
palatal fissure to be, in the young subject, not only deficient in the 
middle line, but further asunder than in the normal condition. 
These circumstances become somewhat more interesting if we 
contrast them with what appears to occur in the adult. Here the 
transverse distance between the palatal sides of the upper right 
and left anterior bicuspids will, in an ordinarly well-formed jaw, be 
found to measure from one and an eighth to one and a quarter of an 
inch. The measurements afforded at the same spot, in sixteen adult 
cases of cleft palate, of which I have collected casts, are somewhat 
less than this; and in others, of which I have not preserved a re- 
cord, the same peculiarity was observed. Among the cases noted, 
the measurements at the point already described, are as follows ; 
the canines of the opposite sides — which, by the way, are always 
present in these cases — being in some, of course, much closer than 
the bicuspids. 
