150 
Proceedings of Royal Society of Edinburgh. [sess. 
Narcotics . — Both men and women in Unyoro smoke, although I 
do not think that the women are quite such inveterate smokers as 
their neighbours in Uganda. Two kinds of tobacco grow in the 
country — the Uicotiana Virginiana, and a smaller plant which is 
much stronger in flavour, has a smaller growth, and fawn-coloured 
flowers. According to Emin, this species is dying out. Tobacco is 
only used by smoking it in a pipe, and no substances are mixed with 
it. The tobacco-plants are carefully tended and the ground near them 
weeded ; they are not allowed to seed ; the leaves are dried in the 
sun and made into various-sized packages weighing from half a 
pound to about ten pounds. The only tobacco-pouches in vogue 
are either skin bags closed at the mouth by a string, or neatly 
made plaited grass baskets. The Wanyoro pipes are very various. 
Bionga showed me a very fine collection, one of which was capable 
of holding a pound and a half of tobacco. In Unyoro one can 
generally tell the rank of a man by the size of his pipe ; the greater 
the man, the larger his pipe. The form of pipe is usually globular 
with a long stem ; the bowl is made of clay, roughly glazed, and it 
is variously ornamented with circular dots, bands, chevrons, and 
sloping parallel lines. jSTo mouth-pieces are used to the pipes. 
Sometimes a pipe may be made with two heads ; I saw one with 
three. One peculiarity of the Wanyoro pipe is that, instead of the 
hole being carried from the bottom of the bowl through the stem, 
there is a ledge of clay extending half way across the bottom, and 
into this ledge the opening is made. As a rule, people use their own 
pipes, and carry them with them wherever they go. They are some- 
times slung round the neck and hang down the back, but if a man 
does not happen to have a pipe with him when his friends are 
smoking they offer him their pipes occasionally. I never saw short 
pipes used, but on one occasion I saw a man smoking from a hole 
he had made in the ground. 
Occupations . — In a country where the necessaries of life are easily 
procured the natives cannot be expected to be very industrious. The 
men build the houses, fight, if there is any fighting to be done, tend 
the cattle and milk them, and a few of them are employed in various 
manufactures (see later), but for the most part they avoid all work 
if they can. The women are more industrious ; they cook, fetch 
wood and water, and do whatever agricultural work is necessary. 
