154 Proceedings of Boyal Society of Edinhurgh. [sess. 
short-haired tails erect. Many of them are very vicious. They are 
used in the chase, hut from what I saw of them they are not well 
trained. Fowls are found everywhere ; they are small and usually 
lean. Goats are very numerous ; sheep more rarely seen, and they 
seem to be imported from the east of the Nile. The cattle mostly 
belong to the king or the chiefs ; they are said to suffer from many 
diseases, for which copious bleeding from the neck seems to be the 
general remedy ; the blood thus obtained is often used as food. 
Wahuma are the usual herdsmen, but in any case men or boys herd 
the cattle. The cattle’s horns are always destroyed as soon as they 
commence to grow by cauterising them with a red-hot iron, in order 
to enable the animals to pass with greater ease through the jungle. 
In respect to cattle, Emin relates that those which supply milk for 
Kabrega’s personal consumption are kept quite separate. They are 
milked in his presence every morning, and then go to pasture 
escorted by a man and a boy. The boy goes before them calling 
out loudly “the king’s cattle,” and everyone that happens to be 
near must withdraw as quickly as possible if he does not wish to be 
killed, as it is said that there are people who if they look upon 
cattle can turn their milk into blood. 
Wild Animals . — In Unyoro there are very many animals — 
elephants, lions, leopards, jackals, hyena, buffalo, rhinoceros, wild- 
boars, various species of gazelles and antelopes ; elan also are met with 
in considerable numbers, and sometimes white rhinoceros are seen. 
A very great number of hippopotami and crocodiles infest the Nile 
and also the larger streams, and here, as elsewhere, the crocodiles 
are very dangerous, many of the natives being carried off by them. 
I once shot 60 in a forenoon at Kodj. Boa-constrictors and other 
snakes are numerous. Many monkeys are found in the woods ; as 
specially numerous may be mentioned the Cercopithecus griseo 
viridis, the Colobus guereza and the Colobus ruber, as well as the 
Paleoornis cudicularis, and some chimpanzees, which are however 
limited to the southern districts. The birds met with are very 
numerous; vultures are extremely common, and Emin mentions 
Sporothlastes fasciatus, Spermestes cucullatus, Trachyphonus mar- 
garitatus, Psittacus erythacus, Ortygospiza atricollis, and several 
Habropyga. Parrots are very numerous, as well as guinea-fowl and 
bats. Insect life in Unyoro is very profuse. 
