156 Proceedings of Boyal Society of Edinlurgh. [sess. 
Salt . — Except at Kibiro, the natives prepare salt by burning 
papyrus and then mixing the ashes with water. After allowing it 
to stand for 24 hours, it is filtered through a jar having a hole at 
the bottom and being half filled with tightly-pressed dried grass. 
It is also in times of need obtained from cow’s urine. At Kibiro 
salt is manufactured on a larger scale, and Emin gives a very good 
description of it in a paper which was published by the Royal 
Scottish Geographical Society in 1887. He says — “The method of 
preparing the salt is tolerably simple. The earth from which the salt 
is to be extracted is placed in the evening under the end of a trough, 
whence a thin stream of water trickles over it all night long. In 
the morning the earth is put to dry for some hours ; after this the 
women, with crescent-shaped pieces of iron, scratch off its superficial 
layers and with them fill other small troughs, out of which they 
shake it again into small heaps. The next day a certain quantity of 
this earth is mixed with water and then conveyed to the filtering 
apparatus. These consist of simple clay vessels, having holes at 
the bottom covered with a layer of fine hay ; the vessels themselves 
stand upon an arrangement of three stones, and have beneath them 
smaller clay vessels into which the liquid drops. When the filtra- 
tion is finished, if the saltmaker is not pressed for time, he allows 
the liquor to evaporate in the open air ; it then leaves behind it a 
pure white salt. If, however, time cannot be given for this process 
of evaporation, it is accomplished by means of boiling wdthin the 
huts, but the salt so obtained is darker in colour and less pure. The 
skill of the women consists in mixing the earth and water in the 
right proportions just before the filtering begins.” 
The chief of Kabiro pays an annual tribute in salt to the king. 
W oodiDorh . — This is very primitive. Bowls are cut out of solid 
blocks of wood and fairly well finished \ drums are made in the 
same way, but the paddles, walking-sticks, and the handles of hoes, 
&c., are not usually finished with any care. 
Boatbuilding . — The W^anyoro canoes are neither large nor do 
they shew any advanced art in construction, being simply ordinary 
dug-outs. The boats, when finished, are clumsy and unwieldy. I 
saw, however, one interesting boat which was made of a curved tree 
and used for hunting hippopotami, the idea being that the hippo 
would rise in the curve, and therefore not upset the boat. 
