1891-92.] Dr R. W. Felkin on the Wanyoro Tribe, 161 
not the same force of character as Amfina, but he was a man who 
loved peace, and one who remained up to the last firm in his allegi- 
ance to the Egyptians, whose ally he had been ever since he made 
blood-brotherhood with Sir Samuel Baker. 
Land Laws . — In Unyoro the whole of the land belongs to the 
reigning powers. The people are treated as serfs ; they are fixtures, 
and change masters with the land. 
The king grants lands as fiefs, not only to his favourites from 
whom he receives a fixed tax and also a certiin number of men in 
time of war, but also occasionally to his favourite wives. Should a 
wife possess one of these districts, she is permitted to visit it 
occasionally. During her residence at the court she appoints an 
agent who rules the district in her absence, sending her either pro- 
duce or its equivalent. The king’s sisters, who by the way are never 
permitted to marry, have also land granted to them for their support ; 
and the king’s brothers, who are practically imprisoned in order to 
prevent them raising rebellion, have an appointed district which 
serves for their support. 
Crimes . — Justice is administered in the first instance by the 
Matongoli. There is an appeal from them to the Mkungo, and 
finally to the king. Theft is punished b}’ confiscation of cattle or 
women for the benefit of the person robbed ; after numerous 
offences, the thief may have a hand cut off. Adultery is punished 
by a fine of four cows; both parties may be beaten, and rarely the 
wife is divorced. A murderer may be summarily put to death ; 
should he escape, the chief of the district receives 8 or 9 cows and 
three sheep or goats from the murdered man’s relations ; he then 
searches for the murderer, who, if found, is executed. On the whole, 
however, the death sentence is rarely carried out, for, as Emin 
relates, Kabrega expressed the opinion that a dead man pays no 
taxes. Executions are performed either by beating the culprit to 
death with knob-sticks or by the lance. Casati relates that culprits 
are often secured with ropes in a kneeling position and killed by 
three blows on the temple. He also says that if anyone seduces 
Kabrega’s women their eyes are put out. There can be no doubt 
that Kabrega’s jailors torture their prisoners with the object of 
extortion. Trial by augury obtains, fowls being used for the 
purpose ; the medicine-men cut them up alive, and decide as to the 
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