104 
Proceedings of the 
above 32°, when closely applied, freeze together, and flannel adheres 
apparently by congelation to ice under the same circumstances. 
“ 1. These observations I have confirmed. But I have also found 
that metals become frozen to ice when they are surrounded by it, or 
when they are otherwise prevented from transmitting heat too abun- 
dantly. Thus a pile of shillings being laid on a piece of ice in a 
warm room, the lowest shilling, after becoming sunk in the ice, was 
found firmly attached to it. 
“ 2. Mere contact , without 'pressure , is sufficient to produce these 
effects. Two slabs of ice, having their corresponding surfaces ground 
tolerably flat, were suspended in an inhabited room upon a horizontal 
glass rod passing through two holes in the plates of ice, so that the 
plane of the plates was vertical. Contact of the even surfaces was 
obtained by means of two very weak pieces of watch-spring. In an 
hour and a half the cohesion was so complete, that, when violently 
broken in pieces, many portions of the plates (which had each a sur- 
face of 20 or more square inches) continued united. In fact, it 
appeared as complete as in another experiment where similar sur- 
faces were pressed together by weights. I conclude that the effect 
of pressure in assisting “ regelation” is principally or solely due to 
the larger surfaces of contact obtained by the moulding of the sur- 
faces to one another. 
ee 3. Masses of strong ice, which had already for a long time been 
floating in unfrozen water-casks, or kept for days in a thawing state, 
being rapidly pounded, showed a temperature 0 o, 3 Fahrenheit below 
the true freezing point, shown by delicate thermometers (both of 
mercury and alcohol), carefully tested by long immersion in a con- 
siderable mass of pounded ice or snow in a thawing state. 
“ 4. Water being carefully frozen into a cylinder several inches long, 
with the bulb of a thermometer in its axis, and the cylinder being 
then gradually thawed, or allowed to lie for a considerable time in 
pounded ice at a thawing temperature, showed also a temperature 
decidedly inferior to 32°, not less, I think, than 0°*35 Fahrenheit. 
“ I think that the preceding results are all explicable on the one 
admission, that Person's view of the gradual liquefaction of ice is 
correct ( Comptes Rendus , 1850, vol. xxx. p. 526),* or that ice 
* Quoted by me in 1851, in my sixteenth letter on Glaciers. 
