187 
the order, from the thought or the thinker. If we examine the 
order of phenomena in creation, we can at least conceive (what is 
analogous to our own experience of our own mental processes and acts), 
that the whole order of creation was pre-existent in the Divine 
mind as a thought before the order itself began. But farther, we 
can also see the logical necessity, that when once the design was 
made it must be inevitable, for we find that the great laws of na- 
ture in which design is expressed are inevitable. Hence a mental 
law and a mental force both dominate, and are correlative with the 
physical laws and forces, or the forces of matter. So that there is 
no such thing in nature as chance ; the word only implying the un- 
known to man as to order, law, and cause, and more especially appli- 
cable to derivative laws and forces. It follows, therefore, that what 
we term physical laws and forces are only lower generalizations of a 
primary mental law and force, and consequently correlative there- 
with. Motion and order are thought in act. So that the entire 
phenomena of creation are under the derivative laws and forces of 
mind. 
Such a generalization implies, however, a change in the method 
of research. Experience is content to know what is the uniform 
succession or order of phenomena, and what are the laws and forces 
correlative therewith ; but so soon as a law of design is the object of 
inquiry, it becomes necessary to examine the order of phenomena 
with regard to the ends arrived at in the order ; that is, to deter- 
mine the results of the uniform succession. Hence teleology , or the 
doctrine of final causes, is as applicable to both physical and biologi- 
cal researches as to the metaphysical, and must be considered the 
true guide to the highest researches in natural science, just as the 
law of design and mind subsume all other forces and laws. 
Proceeding to apply the teleological method, the author next in- 
quires what is the most general physical result in creation, or 44 Fi- 
nal cause” of the primary law of design and its correlative force. 
This result, he argues, must logically be at least the combination of 
things into wholes, or a whole, of mutually related parts ; and such 
is practically the result in the physical as distinguished from the 
moral world, of both the general and the derivative laws and forces. 
The primary forces of matter operate to the end that the great masses 
of matter shall form wholes of mutually related parts, as in our 
planetary and other solar systems, and in the universe made up of 
