335 
“ 14. From these minor series, secondary stations have been 
fixed, so as to cover the whole country with tested trigonometrical 
points. 
44 15. Though the country to be surveyed was so elevated, the 
rigorous rules of the Great Trigonometrical Survey of India were 
adhered to throughout. 
44 16. The highest points suited to the triangulation were always 
occupied, and observations were taken from stations upwards of 
16,000 feet above the level of the sea. 
44 17- On the principal series of triangles, the observations were 
invariably made to luminous signals, viz., heliotropes and lamps, not- 
withstanding the physical difficulties and the severity of the climate 
on the snowy peaks, so especially trying to the natives of India who 
served the signals. 
44 18. Numerous observations being required, it was necessary for 
me to reside on the peaks for at least two days and nights, generally 
more. 
44 19. Some of the peaks below 14,000 feet lose the greater part 
of their snow by September ; but practically, it was necessary to ob- 
serve from most of the stations earlier in the season, when the snow 
was still heavy at 11,000 feet. 
44 20. Occasionally, in consequence of clouds and storms, the party 
had to remain pitched on the snow for upwards of a week at a 
time. 
44 21. On the Pir Paujal peaks, the electricity was so trouble- 
some, even when there was no storm, that it was found necessary to 
carry a portable lightning conductor for the protection of the theo- 
dolite. 
44 22. Space sufficient, even for our very small camp, could never 
be got quite close to the stations on the peaks ; during the day this 
did not matter, but at night, though the distance might not be more 
than 200 yards, it was rather a difficult matter to get back from 
the Observatory tent to the camps, after I had finished taking the ob- 
servations. Soon after sunset the surface of the snow becomes as 
slippery as glass, affording by no means a satisfactory footing on a 
narrow ridge, with a precipitous slope, or a precipice, on either side.” 
In addition to these physical difficulties, it should be mentioned 
that there were others of a political kind ; for Kashmir and Thibet 
are independent countries, and the inhabitants saw their hills as- 
