584 
Of these there were born — 
In wedlock, . . 47,761 males, 45,365 females. 
Out of wedlock, . 4,478 )} 4,217 „ 
52,239 49,582 
showing 105*28 males born in wedlock to every 100 females so born, 
and 106*19 males born out of wedlock to every 100 females so born.” 
“ The proportion between male and female births is found by ob- 
servation not to differ at any time materially from the results here 
quoted for a single year, although the variation in different localities 
is peculiar ; and there is, it will be perceived, an unexplainable dif- 
ference in the relative proportions among legitimate and illegitimate 
children.” 
Excess of Females in Life . 
“ It would naturally be inferred from these facts, so many more 
males being born than females, that male life preponderated both 
in England and Scotland ; but the state of the entire population, as 
shown by the census of 1851, will exhibit conclusively that, what- 
ever may have been the relative proportions at birth, the actual 
condition of the country, comparing males with females, is very dif- 
ferent in its results.” 
Population of England and Wales at the Census in 1851. 
1851. 
Males. 
Females. 
England and Wales, . 
Scotland, ..... 
Islands in the British Seas, . 
8,781,225 
1,375,479 
66,511 
9,146,384 
1,513,263 
76,405 
10,223,215 
10,736,052 
“ Here the great fact is exhibited that there were about 4*2 per 
cent, more females than males in England, 10 per cent, more females 
than males in Scotland, and nearly 15 per cent, more females than 
males in the Islands in the British Seas in 1851 ; while, in 1861, 
the per-centage had increased to 5*57 more females than males in 
England, 11*56 per cent, more females than males in Scotland. 
“ With these facts before us, it requires no lengthened proof to 
satisfy the most casual observer that the great design of Providence 
in providing a larger number of males than females has been frus- 
trated.” 
