602 
Causes which brought 303,797 Persons on the Poor-Rate , Scotland. 
i 
Men. 
Women. 
Children. 
1. Widowhood— Widows, 
49,232 
Children dependent on ] 
them, . . . J 
i 
123,646 
2. Families dependent on Males in Classes } 
19,648 
3, 4, and 5 — Wives, . . . J 
• • • 
Children, . 
51,294 
3. Sickness, accident, or infirmity — 
Their own, . . . 16,116 
That of any of the family or ) _ ^ 
a funeral, . . j ’ 
6 
23,492 
... 
4. Husbands non-resident, 
3,867 
10,102 
5. Husbands in jail, &c., 
1,568 
4,470 
6. Bastardy — Mothers, 
2,122 
Children, 
... 
3,261 
7. Husbands in the army or navy — 
Wives, . 
1,435 
Children, . . . . 
• • • 
• • • 
3,407 
8. Single women without children, 
9. Want of work and other causes, 
869 
5,267 
10. Sudden and urgent necessity, 
117 
24,478 
83,109 
196,180 
“ 4:th 5 To mistresses, and the female sex in general, whether of 
high or low degree, we must look for great aid in this work of 
reform. 
“ We must now return to our second head, — namely, the loss of 
male life. 
“ I have already shown you the diseases of which men die in 
greater proportion than women. These are — congenital diseases, 
atrophy, debility, kidney disease, delirium tremens, apoplexy, para- 
lysis, convulsions, and diseases of the brain, bronchitis, pleurisy, 
pneumonia, asthma, accident, suicide, and a long list of others, most 
of them arising from a depraved constitution and exposure, aggra- 
vated in many instances by bad habits, and transmitted, through 
the effects of such habits, by the male to his male children, whose 
conformation render them, I understand from medical men, more 
susceptible of disease in infancy. If man would reflect that his 
diseases, and I may add his habits and their constitutional effects, 
may be transmitted through many generations, he would surely 
