i 
I 
20 THE AMAZON AND MAHEIKA lUVEUS. 
Ih'aziliiui throne only nine yeurs hei'ore, was torcecl to ahdicato it, deserted, 
and betrayed l)y every one, in behalf of bis younger son, Pedro. 
The next period was the most disturbed one that the yonng Empne 
bad yet witnessed. Slave revolts at Ibdiia, a civil wai’ in tlio South, 
wbieli almost cost it the province of Eio Grande do Sul, and the bloody 
rebellion known as the Guerra dos Cabauo.s, in I’ara and Amazon, frt»m 
18-35 to 1837, followed each other quickly. In this last revolt, the 
Diaziliaus bail stirred up the Indians and mestizoes against the abhorred 
Portuguese, Avitbout considering that tliey sboubl not be able to quoueb 
Ibo fire they bad tbeuiselves kindled. In a short time, the tury ol the 
Avbolc coloured popidation turned against all Avbitcs, Brazilians and 
Portuguese alike, Avitbout any distinction. More than 10,000 persons 
are said to have perished in this Girerra dos Cabanos ; and, to the 
present day, those terrible times and the barbarous cruelties committed 
by the Indians, half-castes, and mulattoes, continue to be talked of Avitb 
UAve in the tAvo provinces. 
A reAV)hition in Minas, got up by the personal ambitious of a fcAV 
political leaders, rather than emanating from the spirit of the people, and 
the Avar against Eosas, the Dictator of the Argentine Eepublic, passed 
over Brazil without leaving deep traces, at least when compared Avith the 
last war against Paraguay ; AAEich, besides the stimulus of the old 
dilfercnces about boundaries, Avas occasioned by the endless vexatious and 
restrictions, AA’ith AA'hich the Dictator Lopez stroA'e to ruin the Brazilian 
trade on the Paraguay, and to prejudice the proAunce of Mato 
Grosso. This despot, cracked up by many European journals as a 
gallant hero and devoted patriot, at first imitated and, at last, siu’passed 
the good examples of his predecessors. Dr. Fraucia, the first “ feupremo ” 
of Paraguay, Avho, out of distrust, had detained Humboldt s companion, 
the Botanist Bonplaud, for many years in the countiy ; and of old Lopez, 
his father, Avho in 1855 directed the firing-upon of the Waterwitch^ a 
steamer fitted out by the Lnited States for a scientific expedition. Even 
before the Avar, the younger Lopez indulged himself in the strangest 
encroachments upon the personal rights, not of Brazilians only, but 
of Germans, Englishmen, North Americans, and Prenchmen; and even 
his own countrymen, esj)ocially those belonging to the better classes, 
Avhose opposition he had to fear, were either made aAvay A\dtli in one A\aiy 
and another, or expolh'd. 
It is inconceiA'able why Brazil so long continued to look on inactiA'cly 
