INTRODUCTION. 
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Empire, Avhicli 
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gained nothing 
thriving country 
by llie \vho](; affair but tlie tardy 
liJic the United States, that has not 
yet reached its climax of development, and is itself in want of hands, 
cannot by any means aft'ord to send a eousidorable number of emigrants 
even to Paradise. 
If the Brazilians liad cherished any hopes of revi-vang the decaying 
institution of slavery by the settlement of the former slave-OAvncrs 
from the South of the Union, their mistake cei*tainly was a double 
one ; for such a success, if at all possible, would have been but a now 
disaster. But if the Government would profit by the bitter lesson 
for which it paid so dear, and would but try to improve the condition 
of the Gej'mau emigrants — the only ones that ivill settle for good iu 
them new homes, diftermg much in this respect fi'om the Portuguese, 
who all go hack as soon as they Imve gained a few hunth-ed milreis — 
the result would yet prove to the advantage of the Brazilians. Unfortu- 
nately they are haunted by the notion of the national existence being 
endangered by too great a preponderance of foreigners, and the proper 
measures for inducing settlers to come have been withheld. Instead 
of gi'vfing good tracts of land gratuitously to new-comers, making roads 
for them, and granting to them perfect religious freedom and political 
eqtiality with the natives, the country was discredited, in the eyes of 
Europe, by rich coffee-groAvers being allowed to conclude those parceria 
contracts Avith German colonists, by which the latter Avere placed 
entirely in the hands of, sometimes, most nnscnipulous masters. They 
have allotted to them a certain number of coffee-plants, to which they 
have to attend, and the produce of which they arc to divide in equal 
shares with the owners of the ground ; only, as they have, Avith Ihcir 
share, to discharge the debts contracted for the voyage (the first 
instalment of payment), and for victuals during the first year, they 
arc kept in a state of dependence, AA'hich it is the interest of their masters 
to prolong as much as they can. 
Another drawback to successful colonization is that, everyAV'here, the 
lauds best adapted for agriculture and trade are scarcely to he bought for 
any money ; and, consequently, colonists get land eitlier poor in itself or 
too remote from ordinary means of communication. Especially the rich 
first groAvth (Mato-Yirgem), used exclusively until noAv for coffee culture, 
is getting di'arer from day to day, and has already become scarce in 
several provinces, tluit of Bio de Janeiro, for example, although coffec- 
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