2 
THE AMAZON AND MADEIRA RIVERS. 
T 
L 
i 
I , 
I 
statement is given with all reserve, being the result of approximate 
ealculations, the boundaries between the j)rovinces themselves not being 
clear for the most part. 
Amazonas 
570,160 English sq. miles. 
Para 
, 
478,360 
5 J 
Maranhao 
191,340 
Piauliy . 
91,420 
J» 
Coara 
46,770 
V 
Eio Grande do Norte 
27,850 
*} 
Pm’ahyba 
20,200 
ff 
Pernambuco . 
39,970 
fj 
Alagoas-. 
15,730 
Sorgipo . 
16,580 
yf 
Bahia 
308,280 
} f 
Espirito Santo 
23,380 
Eio de Janeiro 
28,700 
Sao Paulo 
83,550 
>T 
Parana . 
71,750 
7f 
Santa Catharina 
31,890 
Eio Grande do Siil . 
98,430 
Minas Geraes . 
239,180 
If 
Goyaz 
. 
297,650 
Mato Grosso 
♦ 
595,300 
>> 
The climate of Erazil is almost throughout a warm and moist one. 
There are none of those contrasts caused by high ico-and-snow-covered 
Cordilleras, as in Peru and Bolivia ; ou whose slopes you pass in rapid 
succession the burning heat of Africa, the pleasant freshness of Northern 
Italy, and the chilling cold of Siberia. The provinces of Bio Grande do 
Sul, Santa Catharina, Parana, and a part of Sao Paulo, enjoy a fine 
temperate climate, much like that of Southem Europe ; hut, on the 
whole, the thoroughly tropical character of the gigantic riverine plains 
of the Amazon, Parana, Paraguay, and Sao Praneisco prevails. 
In Itio dc Janeiro the average temperature of the year, as shown by 
a six-years’ record at the Observatory, is between 73° and 75° Pahi-enheit 
(18° and 19° E.). During summer, that is, during the three wdnter 
months of Europe, December, January, and February, it is between 79° 
and 81° F. (21° and 22° E.); and in July, the coldest month, about 70° 
C. (17° E.).* In the last twenty or thirty years, the climate of Eio de 
Janeiro has sensibly changed, doubtless in consequence of the destruction 
of the forests round about the city. For instance, in the cold season, the 
* Two and a half or throo and a half degrees more must be counted for the city, 
as the Ob.servatory is situated on the Morro do Gastello, several hundred feet above it, 
where it is swept by the cool sea-breeze. 
