LIST OF THE ILLUSTRATIONS, 
WITH SHORT EXPLANATIONS. 
PREFACE. 
Vignette: Pineapples, Caju, Bananas, etc. 
INTRODUCTION. 
Initial : Cbown op Palm-tree with 
Flowers and Frdit. 
CHAPTER I. 
Initial : Group of Cipos (Lianas) en- 
circling A Little Palm. 
Entry of the Bay op Rio de Janeiro, 
as seen from the Cobcovado. 
From tlie top of tho Corcovado, which 
can easily he reached in three hours from 
the centre of the city, a magnificent view 
spreads before the eyes of the surprised 
beholder; a wide panorama extending over 
land and sea, over rocky mountains, the 
ample harbour, faint-blue islands, villas 
half-hidden in vivid green, and hustling 
streets. The sketch gives the entrance of 
the bay, with the “ Sugar-loaf” seen from 
behind. 
The Rugged Peaks op the Organ Moun- 
tains. 
The most interesting portion of the Serra 
d’Estrella, which rises in the background 
of the Bay of Rio de Janeiro to a height 
of 7,000 feet, is tho Serra dos Orgaos, 
with its peaks and needles. Like all the 
mountains round about Rio, it consists of 
metamorphie gneiss. The view is taken 
from a steep, ill-paved mule-path, loading 
to tho little town of Thoresopolis, from a 
height of about 2,500 feet. 
The Entry op the Bay op Rio de Janeiro. 
This view is taken from the shore oppo- 
site the city of Rio. In the background 
the “Sugar-loaf” (Pao d’Assucar), whoso 
altitude is about 1,000 feet; in front of it, 
the old fort of Santa Cruz, which com- 
mands the entry ; between both, tho far 
horizon of tho blue Atlantic ; amid the 
mountains to the right, the pointed top of 
the Corcovado, rising to 8,000 feet, imme- 
diately behind the city. 
A Jangada in the Breakers. 
The jangada, a light raft especially used 
for fishing, is in use on the coast from 
Pernambuco to Ceara ; the flat beach and 
the total want of good harbours, whether 
natural or artificial, not allowing the land- 
ing of heavier boats. In spite of the 
admirable skill and dexterity of the Indians 
and mestizoes, who usually manage them, 
they are often submerged, and even over- 
turned by the high surf, and tho passengers 
seldom escape without a slight bath. 
The Different Stages of Land Formation. 
Burial-urn op the Manaos Indians 
(Ioacaba). 
These iga(;abas were found not only in 
various parts of Brazil, but also in Bolivia, 
on the other side of tho Andos on the 
