TEMPLES AND GARDENS. 
Chap. L 
were also plentiful, and bold independent-looking 
little fellows they appeared to be. 
Three streams of water, spanned by numerous 
bridges, run down from the hills through the town ; 
but at the time of my visit they were nearly dry. 
Besides supplying the town with water, they are 
used in summer for purposes of irrigation, and for 
driving water-mills. 
A Chinese town of this size and importance 
would have had walls and fortifications, but there 
is nothing of the kind at Nagasaki ; indeed, such a 
mode of defence does not seem to be common in 
Japan. The streets have gates thrown across them 
at certain places, and these are always closed at 
night ; and, in the case of any disturbance, during 
the day, should occasion require it. 
Behind the town, on the hill-side, there are 
many large Buddhist temples and gardens. These 
are placed in the best situations ; the view over the 
town, the bay, and the distant hills is most charm- 
ing, and well repays the visitor for the toil of the 
ascent. Camphor-trees of a great size were common 
about these temples. They were apparently of 
great age, and were the finest examples of this 
tree that had come under my observation. The 
Pinus Chinense, or P. Massoniana, was also com- 
mon, and attains a great size. Higher up, the 
hill-sides were covered with many thousands of 
tombstones, marking the tombs of generations who 
have long since passed away. This large cemetery 
forms a prominent object in the landscape, and 
