Chap. XIX. FRUIT. 321 
of these gardens. Some of them are trained as 
“ standards,” and somewhat resemble in form our 
dwarf standard rose-trees. In order that they 
may assume this appearance, they are grafted on 
the stout stems of a species of Artemesia or worm- 
wood. They grow with great vigour on this 
stock, and appear rather curious objects to those 
who have seen them only on their own stems. 
The Chinese are extremely fond of grafting plants, 
and of having several species or varieties growing 
on one tree. In one of these gardens I observed 
two species of Thuja and one Juniper, all growing 
together on one stem. 
Apples, pears, and Siberian crabs are cultivated 
in pots in these gardens, and, apparently, with 
great success, for the little trees were all loaded 
with fruit. The Chinese have, probably, been 
doing this for ages past, just as they have been 
growing roses in pots, dwarf and covered with 
bloom, while we have only found out very 
recently that such things could be done. The 
Tien-tsin apples are very beautiful to look upon — 
the skin is thin and transparent, and the colour a 
delicate pink red, but the taste is sweet, without 
flavour, and almost insipid. 
Grapes also are plentiful, and may be had in 
perfection all the year round. There are a 
number of large ice-houses in the town, where 
whole cargoes of apples, pears, and grapes are 
packed away in round tubs, and taken out as they 
are required. The floors of these fruit ice-houses 
