Figure I — Stubs left like these nearly always result in the entrance of 
canker producing organisms as in 1, 6 and 7, or wound rotting fungi as in ?> 
4 and 5, or both. Note how weak 3 and 4 must be. (Courtesy of W. G. 
Brierley.) 
Figure IIA — Fire blight on tip of 
apple twig. It often works back 
very rapidly in a short time, form- 
ing large cankers in the main 
branches and trunks. 
Figure IIC — Branch girdled by fire 
blight canker. Note smooth surface 
of cankei'ed area and deep c-racks at 
margin. Tins was cmt in December. 
