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of Edinburgh, Session 1869 - 70 , 
Whilst removing the blue mud and sand, superficial to the channel 
bed, the lower end of the left humerus of a large red deer was met 
with. 
The seal’s bones were found near the bottom of the pure red clay, 
at a depth of nearly 80 feet from the present surface of the soil, and 
nearly 68 feet below the present sea-level. The shaft of the pit is 
530 yards distant from the Oarron river to the south, and 1680 
yards from the estuary of the Forth on the east. 
That bones of a species of seal have occasionally been found im- 
bedded in clay, in the middle district of Scotland, is a fact well 
known to naturalists. But the relations which these bones had to 
the surface, and to the present sea-level, differ in some important 
particulars from those of the Grangemouth seal. 
In 1825, Dr Knox* directed attention to the bones of a seal found 
near Camelon, in a bed of clay 90 feet above the present level of the 
Forth. Dr David Page described! and presented to the Museum 
of Natural History in this city the almost perfect “ skeleton of a 
seal, found in the Pleistocene clays of Stratheden,” 150 feet above 
the present sea-level, about 16 feet from the surface of the soil, and 
about 5 miles inland from the influence of the tides.! Dr Allman 
on two occasions § exhibited to this Society bones of a seal — in the 
one instance, obtained from the Tyrie clay-field, Kirkcaldy, 30 feet 
above the present sea-level, 18 or 19 feet from the surface of the 
soil, and a quarter of a mile from the shore of the Forth ; in the 
other instance, from the clay-field at Portobello, about 20 feet above 
the present high-water level, and about 15 feet below the surface of 
* Memoirs of Wernerian Society, v. 572. 
t Proc. British Association, Sept. 1858. 
i Since my paper was read to the Royal Society, Dr Page has informed me 
that he obtained a second young seal’s skeleton from the Stratheden clay, 
which is now in the Museum of Natural History, St Andrews. Nearly perfect 
skeletons of the surf and eider ducks, Oidema and Somateria, were found in the 
same clay. Dr Page also tells me that he has obtained seal’s bones from the 
brick clays at Garbridge and Seafield, near St Andrews ; from a brick-field 
at Dunbar ; and from brick clay at Invernetty, Aberdeenshire. These clays 
are in the same horizon as the Stratheden clay. I find also that the skeleton 
of the young seal, in the St Andrew’s Museum, has been carefully described 
by Mr R. Walker [Annals and Magazine of Natural History , Npv. 1863). He 
shows clearly that it is not Callocephalus vitulinus, and he considers it to be a 
young individual of P. groenlandicus. I have not yet examined this specimen. 
\ Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, April 19, 1858, and March 21, 1859. 
