108 
Proceedings of the Royal Society 
the soil. The Rev. Thomas Brown showed to this Society* portions 
of the skeleton of a seal, obtained from a brick-field at Errol, 45 
feet above the present sea-level, and about 1 \ mile from the estuary 
of the Tay. The bones were well imbedded in the brick clay, which 
also contained shells such as are now found in the polar seas, and 
which testify to the arctic rigour of the climate at the time when 
the clay was deposited. 
As to the character of the clay in which the bones of the Grange- 
mouth seal were found, Mr Peach, who has surveyed the district, and 
Mr Gfeikie, and Mr Croll, pronounce it to have been deposited 
under decidedly arctic conditions. Mr Peach also tells me that the 
Grangemouth clay is continuous with that at Camelon, near Falkirk, 
where the seal’s bones which Dr Knox examined were found, and 
that it possesses the same characters as the Stratheden clay, in 
which lay the skeleton of the seal described by Dr Page. 
Mr David Robertson of Glasgow has also examined the Grange- 
mouth red clay with reference to the occurrence in it of minute 
organisms. He reports that he has found two species of Fora- 
minifera, Polymorphina compressa (D’Orb) and Nonionina asterizans 
(F. & M.), and one species of Ostracoda, Cytlieroyteron montrosiensi. 
This Ostracod Mr Robertson states to be common in the brick clays 
of Annochie, Dryleys, Errol, Elie, and Bannie on the east of Scot- 
land, which deposits contain arctic shells not now living on the 
British coasts. 
Mr Bennie also informs me that Mr Robertson has obtained from 
the muddy sand and fine sandy clay which overlie the Grangemouth 
pure red clay, fragments of shells, the Tellina balthica , a shell 
which, Mr Jeffreys states, agrees exactly with similar fragments 
found by Professor Lilljeborg at Upsala. No fragments of shells 
have as yet been found in the red clay itself. The geological evi- 
dence is in favour of the view that the Grangemouth clay is glacial, 
and belongs to the same class as other undoubtedly glacial clays on 
the east coast of Scotland. The difference in the relation to the 
present sea-level between the Grangemouth clay and the other 
clays presents no difficulty in placing them in the same category ; 
for we have but to suppose that, during the period of submergence, 
when these clays were formed, the water in the Grangemouth 
* Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, xxiv. p. 629. 
