130 Proceedings of the Royal Society 
further on takes an easterly direction in its lower course, and 
reaches a breadth of several miles at the place where it touches upon 
the extensive lake Mouva or Uhanja. 
Now, if we turn the Kassabi river eastward in latitude 8° S., 
in agreement with the above description, we find that it meets the 
position which Livingstone’s letters give to Ulenge, the lake or 
marsh to which the Chambeze river flows, and whose waters Living- 
stone tells us by report, in his recent letters, are taken up by the 
Lufira, a large river w T hich, by many confluents, drains the western 
side of the great valley. 
Is not the Lufira , then, the lower course of the Kassabi, and the 
Lake Ulenge of Livingstone, whose waters are taken up by the 
Lufira — the Uhanja lake of Magyar, which the Lower Kassabi 
touches upon ? 
The same difficulties which appear in the way of the Chambeze 
river and lake chain joining the Nile, hold also against the Kassabi, 
which, from the above reports, would seem to join this river at Lake 
Ulenge. 
Next, the question arises, if these rivers do not form a part of 
the Nile system, where then shall we find an outlet for them ? 
The answer to this is plainly, in the Congo river. 
The Congo was described by the Jesuit missionaries, who first 
visited its mouth, as so u violent and so powerful from the quantity 
of its waters, and the rapidity of its current, that it enters the sea 
on the west side of Africa, forcing a broad and free passage (in 
spite, of the ocean) with so much violence, that for the space of 20 
leagues it preserves its fresh waters unbroken by the briny billows 
which encompass it on each side.” In the introduction to his nar- 
rative of his expedition to the Congo, Tuckey says, “ If the calcula- 
tion he true that the Congo, at its lowest state, discharges into the 
sea two millions of cubic feet of water in a second, the Nile, and 
the Indus, and the Granges, are hut rivulets compared with it, as 
the Granges, which is the largest of the three, discharges only about 
one-fifth of that quantity at its highest flood.” This estimate is 
greatly exaggerated, but Tuckey actually found that this vast river 
has a width of two, three, or even four miles, whilst flowing with a 
current of two or three miles an hour (p. 342), and this not at its 
mouth, but inland beyond the mountainous coast regions. Such a 
