of Edinburgh, Session 1869 - 70 . 141 
or negroids of the Lake Region, and the Kaffir races of South 
Africa. 
South of the Zambezi the kingdom of Mosilikatze has been 
made up of the remains of a number of formerly independent 
tribes conquered by the Matebele Kaffirs pushing northwards ; and 
Sekeletu’s Makololo kingdom, in the Upper Zambezi valley, was 
founded by a former ruler who led this conquering Kaffir tribe from 
the head of the Orange river northward, and incorporated the van- 
quished tribes with this one to form his kingdom. 
The most important kingdom of South Africa is the empire of the 
Muata Yanvo, whose subjects are purely negroes. The dominion 
of this potentate seems to reach from the Mossamba Mountains, at 
the head of the Kassabi river westward, to the town of Shinte, on 
the Leeba river, and the Muchinga Mountains southward, and 
thence round to the southern part of the Tanganyika Lake. 
The northern extent of this kingdom is as yet unknown. The 
Muata Yanvo’s empire includes that of the Cazembe, who is his 
vassal, and who rules for his sovereign over that part of the king- 
dom which is separated from the main portion by the desert or 
mountainous country of Katanga. The fertile and thickly peopled 
area, known to be under the sway of this great Central African 
ruler, is far greater than any of the kingdoms of Western Europe, 
and might be compared in extent to the united bulk of France and 
Italy. 
In conclusion, we may glance at the enormous labours of the 
great traveller Livingstone, to whom the world is indebted for so 
vast a portion of its knowledge of the African continent, and whose 
recent travels have given a fresh interest to this part of the globe. 
The area of South Africa, which Livingstone has already explored, 
and not only explored, but in great part surveyed with accuracy, 
has an extent of about one million of square miles. It is difficult to 
form a correct notion of the space covered by such an area ; and it 
may help to give an idea of the work which has been accomplished, 
if we remember that the united areas of all the western kingdoms 
of Europe — France, Austria, Germany, Italy, Spain — would scarcely 
make up the extent of land which Livingstone has virtually added 
to the known world. 
VOL. VII. 
