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Proceedings of the Royal Society 
as in matters not connected with language and history the JReal- 
schule boys might be found to have faculties of observation and 
deduction to which the classical boys would be strangers. I merely 
state what has been said. 
Turning now to the universities of Prussia, we find ourselves in 
the region of pure unfettered science. The abiturienten-examen of 
the classical schools gives the universities such a starting ground 
in the thorough previous education of all the students who matri- 
culate, that they are able to commence the treatment of all subjects 
on a high scientific level, in confidence that such a mode of treat- 
ment will be followed and understood. 
The appointments of professors are invariably made, so far as I 
can learn, on the grounds of greatest scientific eminence. The 
appointments are all in the hands of the Crown — that is, of the 
minister of instruction. When a vacancy occurs, the faculty to 
which the chair belongs sends up a short leet of names to be recom- 
mended to the minister, and from these he generally makes the 
appointment. But I believe that the name chosen is always that 
of the man whom previous public performances and general opinion 
in the scientific world have designated for the place. I believe 
that anything like political or theological bias in the appointment 
of professors is unheard of. Other personal considerations (which 
might be more plausibly entertained) are also omitted, such as 
power of clear exposition and capacity for managing a class. 
Hence it may happen that the professor, when appointed, is obscure 
in style and unattractive as a lecturer ; but the students have, at 
all events, the feeling that in him they have the greatest authority 
that could be found on the particular subject. And there is in 
G-erman universities a general consciousness that it is better to 
have the last and most reliable results in science than to have a 
popular exposition of what is old and perhaps exploded. The 
professor has a fixed salary from Gfovernment, frequently amounting 
to L.350 or L.400 a year, in addition to a share of examination fees 
and the fees of his class. But* he is bound to lecture free of charge 
twice a week. The fees in theology or philosophy are about 17s. 
for the six months. In the medical classes they go as high as 
L.l, 14s. 5d. for the course. Several professors have altogether an 
income of from L.1000 to L.1500 a year, which, in proportion to 
