I 
52 Proceedings of the Royal- Society of Edinburgh. [Sess. 
can he followed northwards through Humbie to the sea-coast west of Port 
Edgar, and even across the Firth of Forth to Rosyth. . . . 
“ Other folds are also developed in the Fife shale-fields, but as they are 
not widespread they call for no attention here. One exception should be 
made, however, in favour of the broad anticline at Burntisland, which, as 
Sir Archibald Geikie long ago indicated, is essentially a prolongation of the 
Pentland Hills axis. 
“ A complex series of minor undulations lie amongst these major folds.” 
0 C AG 
Length !9 Miles 
Length 21 Miles 
STRATA ABOVE O/L- SHALE CROUP 
Upper 
OIL- SHALE GROUP 
STRATA BELOW O/L- SHALE GROUP 
A PenHand Anticline 
B Dechmont Secondary Anticline 
C Pumpfierston »> •> 
D Kirkliston - ” 
F Straiton Minor 
G Cor/ops - •» 
Fig. 3. — Diagrammatic Sections through the Lothians Oil-Shale Field. 
These major folds are indicated on the map, fig. 2, by letters and dotted 
lines AA, BB, CC, and DD. Minor flexures to which I wish to draw 
attention are seen at Dalmahoy (E), Straiton (F), and Carlops (G), the two 
latter being merely wrinkles on the steep flank of the Pentland anticline. 
Oil-shale has been mined on these minor folds, and also at Burntisland, 
where, however, the shale is not very rich. 
In connection with the flexuring, Mr Carruthers, in the memoir above 
quoted, makes two very significant statements as follows: — “By means of 
these undulations the oil-shales are spread over a wide tract of country, 
and the mineral wealth of that district has been greatly increased.” “ The 
most striking feature of the West Lothian field, however, is the system of 
folding, which may be said to characterise the whole area, differentiating 
