1915-16.] Obituary Notices. 345 
His accession to the chair made little difference to the teaching arrange- 
ments, except that the senior demonstrator had to give the four o’clock 
lectures on topographical anatomy alternately with the professor . 1 
The quality of Turner’s teaching of anatomy has been attested not only 
by many hundreds of pupils, but shown by the number of former assistants 
who became professors of anatomy. The list includes the late Morrison 
Watson of Manchester (who married a sister of Lady Turner) ; Walson’s 
successor at Manchester, the late Alfred Harry Young ; the late Daniel John 
Cunningham, Dublin, and Turner’s own successor at Edinburgh ; the late 
John Halliday Scott, of Otago, N.Z. ; Johnson Symington, Belfast ; Arthur 
Thomson, Oxford ; David Hepburn, Cardiff ; Arthur Robinson, King’s College, 
London, and Birmingham, who succeeded Cunningham at Edinburgh; 
A. M. Paterson, Liverpool ; J. T. Wilson, Sydney ; Robert Howden, 
University of Durham ; J. C. Lamont, Lahore and University College, 
Dundee ; T. H. Bryce, University of Glasgow ; James Musgrove, St Andrews, 
retired and now succeeded by David Waterston; Alexander Primrose, 
formerly anatomy, now surgery, Toronto ; Richard J. A. Berry, Melbourne. 
Turner’s incomparable success as a lecturer on anatomy was partly due 
to the natural gifts of a strong, distinct voice, splendid memory, and earnest 
emphatic style, so that the students were listening to very clear thoughts 
put into very clear words. The effect of his style was enhanced by the little- 
known fact that he usually suffered from stage fright for some minutes - 
before he faced the big one o’clock class. Much, however, was due to 
preparation. Every statement was carefully arranged to come . in the 
proper order of logical sequence, and side lines of thought that might 
confuse were rigorously eschewed, however tempting. Then the lectures 
were in proper perspective and adapted to the audience. Points of scientific 
or practical interest were always mentioned, but ordinary students were not 
bored with an excess of detail or with too much advanced anatomy, which 
was administered to the elite in special courses. The precaution was also 
taken of refreshing the memory of the audience with a resume or summary 
of the previous lecture, or of facts supposed to be known already. Suppose 
that Turner had to address a medical audience on new points in the 
anatomy of the brain, he assumed that their recollection of the more 
1 When Turner became Professor in 1867 he appointed John Chiene to be senior 
demonstrator. Chiene began teaching surgery in 1870, and was succeeded as senior 
demonstrator by the late Morrison Watson, who became Professor of Anatomy at Manchester 
in 1874. The writer, who was appointed Inspector of Anatomy for Scotland in February 
1881, and, like Chiene and Watson, was one of Goodsir’s pupils, succeeded Watson as senior 
demonstrator, but resigned this office in 1876, when the direct connection with Goodsir 
was broken by the appointment of Daniel John Cunningham. 
