346 Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. [Sess. 
elementary anatomy of the organ had become dim, and would spend the 
first quarter of an hour or so in running over points supposed to be known 
already, before embarking upon what was new. With all this there was some 
attraction in his style that defies analysis ; and assistants such as Morrison 
Watson, D. J. Cunningham, or A. H. Young (who became professors) would 
sometimes steal behind the screen that cut off the back of the classroom to 
listen with admiration, at the four o’clock demonstration, to the exposition 
of the anatomy of femoral hernia or some other favourite topic. 
The lectures were always effectively mounted with diagrams, prepara- 
tions, and fresh dissections. In such large classes it was usually easy to find 
two prosectors for the one o’clock lecture-class and other two for the four 
o’clock demonstration. One of the prosectors for the lecture-class, the late 
Dr James Foulis, deserves special mention, for he was Turner’s chief assistant 
in dissecting the Longniddry whale, and was acknowledged to be the best 
dissector seen in the Edinburgh School for a generation. In preparing a 
fresh dissection for the lecture-class, he and his colleague on some special 
occasions began at seven in the morning and worked continuously until 
one o’clock. 
Turner had the affectionate esteem of the students, and disorder was 
practically unknown. At the slightest disturbance Turner paused and 
stared sternly at the spot. The students knew instinctively that he would 
never appeal to the class, but that if necessary he would note the guilty 
man and that severe measures would follow. Any bad members of the 
class did not presume, because they knew him ; but at a graduation after 
he became Principal, two youths who did not know him behaved disgrace- 
fully and were expelled. His predecessor had been too lenient, and they 
had come to think that any conduct would be forgiven. 
When Turner arrived in Edinburgh in 1854 to begin his splendid and 
many-sided career as teacher, man of science, man of affairs, and adminis- 
trator, he came under the spell of Goodsir as regards teaching and research, 
and soon made like-minded friends. T. Spencer Cobbold was Conservator 
of the Anatomical Museum under Goodsir, and published papers on the 
Anatomy of the Giraffe, Trematode Worms, etc. Lister, born in 1827, 
came to Edinburgh the year before Turner to have a look at Professor 
Syme’s work, took the place of his infirmary resident, Dr Dewar (called 
away by his father’s illness), married Syme’s daughter, and remained in 
Edinburgh until appointed to the Regius Chair of Surgery in Glasgow. 
In 1859 Lister and Turner published a joint research. Turner’s friend, 
J. Matthews Duncan, published a paper on the Os Sacrum in 1855. 
From the time that he joined the University of Edinburgh until the end 
