1915-16.] Obituary Notices. 347 
of his life Turner was occupied with research connected with physiology 
and anatomy in all its branches, descriptive or histological, healthy or 
pathological, human or comparative, ethnological and teratological — his 
studies of crania and in anthropology being especially remarkable. 
A list (prepared by himself) of 276 writings, with the addition of his 
last communication to this Society on 5th July 1915, entitled “ A Contri- 
bution to the Craniology of the People of Scotland : Part II, Prehistoric, 
Descriptive, and Ethnographical,” is appended. The classification is as 
follows : — 
Human Anatomy and Physiology . 
. 77 
Comparative Anatomy and Zoology 
. 104 
Pathological Anatomy 
. 15 
Anthropology ..... 
. 51 
General Addresses, Reviews, etc. 
. 26 
In Memoriam ..... 
4 
277 
His researches are characterised by fullness and accuracy of observation, 
precision of statement, and very cautious deduction. Consequently they 
will continue to be sources of trustworthy information. 
When Turner applied for the chair many testimonies of the utility of 
his researches were given by men engaged in the practice of medicine, as 
well as by cultivators of science. Robert Barnes found his contributions to 
the knowledge of abnormal conditions of the uterus and ovaries of remark- 
able value. Hughlings Jackson said i “By his work some of the driest 
details of human anatomy have become new points of departure.” “ He 
has made surgery safer, pathology clearer, and the method of studying 
the relations of mind to brain more definite and satisfactory.” William 
Sharpey acknowledged his services to anatomy, and Lionel S. Beale voiced 
the appreciation of physiologists. 
Perhaps the papers most welcomed by medical men were his studies of 
the brain from 1866 onwards for some twenty years. The paper in the 
Journal of Anatomy and Physiology , 1874, on “ The Relation of the 
Cerebrum to the Outer Surface of the Skull and Head,” was a pioneer 
communication on the subject. Among other papers important to medicine 
were that on “ A System of Anastomosing Arteries connecting the Visceral 
and Parietal Branches of the Abdominal Aorta,” Brit, and Foreign Med.- 
Ghirurg. Review, July 1863, and that on “A Supplementary System of 
Nutrient Arteries for the Lungs,” Reports British Assoe. Advance. Science, 
Bath, p. 129, 1863. One of his most outstanding studies, important alike 
