32 
THE TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST. 
I'jULY I, 1^9?. 
other species of lady birds ware sent there, and still 
more will be sent, all of such that will prey both 
upon the eggs and mature insects. 
The rose apple, Eugenia malaccensis was s. ill found 
covered by the black fungus. Here another tropical 
scale, Lscanium acuminatum, Signoret, is present in 
large numbers upon which the Ohryptolaemus beetle 
will not feed, yet many other lady birds have been 
sent that will feed on this and all species of Leoanium. 
The above scales have so far been the most 
numerous and destructive, yet other forms as 
Well have been on the increase and I can give a 
short account of some of them only, as many 
of the species are not yet worked up. 
Aspidiof.us aurantii, Maskell, is injurious to citrus 
trees chiefly in temperate zones and may have come 
upon those trees from any port in C.rlifomia, Australia, 
China, or Japan. It was found upon recently introduced 
Potocarpus plants from Japan. The climate of 
Honolulu appears not robe suitable for the same as it 
was not met with in the tropics as injurious to citrus 
plants. At Sydney it was found upon Perea caroli- 
nensis, Laurus nobilis; Brisbane, numerous upon 
Jasrainum; at Rockhamsden onwildfig tree; Cairns, 
cultivated figs and ilorussp. In Ceylon on Agave 
(Green) ; Hong Kong on Paliurus raraosissimus ; Litsea 
sebifera, Hedyotis acutangulus, (very numerous) 
Stillingia sebifera; on Melia azedarach at Amoy, 
Swatow, Hong Kong, Formosa and Honolulu ; Japan 
on Potocarpus and D imara like trees, also many other 
plants. One Chalcid parasite Aspidaphagus citrinus. 
Craw, is preying on the same in China, Japan and 
California. , „ / i 
Aspidotus cydonur, Comstock, was found on a garden 
plant at Pahia, Maui, and upon Ake'at Honolirlu. 
Aspidiotus longsipina, Morgan, infests trunks and 
branches of Orange, Lemon Mango, Kukui tree, Figs, 
Pride of India, etc., on all the islands and 
even a common weed at Lihue, Kauai, The scale 
was found at Tanisui, Formosa, on Orange and upon 
Fi<> trees at Hong Kong, A largo number of the 
scales are punctured with holes from where a minute 
Chalcid parasite has issued that keeps the scales in 
the Islands in check. , , 
Aspidiotus duplex has been repeatedly introduced 
on Camellia from Japan where it also is found upon 
the tea and other plant it has as yet not become 
injurious on the Islands, 
At Makaweli, Kauai, Aspidiotus camclliac and A. 
nerii were found upon imported American apple, pear 
and peach trees in such numbers that some of the trees 
had died. A number of other species of Aspidiotus 
were met with in the Island, all of them introduced. 
Of Parlatoria, P. zizyphi is the most numerous 
upon Citrus and another tree at Honolulu. P. peir/andei 
is as yet not so numerous. The first was found at 
Hon'^ Kong and Canton infesting Citrus trees, and 
the "second upon Euonymus at Yokohama and 
on Camellia at Maceo. Mytilaspis citricola, 
Packard, is the scale at present found so numerous 
upon citrus trees at Honolulu, where it had spread 
within two years. \ number of introdu red l.rdy birds 
are preying on the same, and as far as my observations 
go, I believe that in time they will efiectually keep 
the samein check. The scale also infests Croton and 
other plants. It is common most everywhere in the 
world. Itisfoundin the Kona (Hawaii) district but 
not numerous. Slyfilaspis qloverii, Packard, has at 
present only been met with in a citrus tree in Mr. 
Jordan’s yard. The tree had been imported from 
Japan or China where the coccid is numerous, and with 
the foregoing one of the most destructive to citrus 
plants. , , . T 
Mytilasiiis pallida, Green, has been found upon im- 
ported J'apanese Potoo.arpus plants. Mytilaspis flava, 
Targioni Tozzetti was met with upon bark of various 
shade trees at Makaweli, Kauai, and in China upon 
Pyrus sinensis (Hong Kong.) Mytilaspis pomonim, 
'Bouche, the apple bark louse, was also found on im- 
ported American plants. 
At Makaweli, Kauai. Diaspis rosae, Sandberg, is the 
common rose scale and is found all over the world. 
Diaspis boisduvalii, Signoret, has been found on im- 
ported orchids. 
Chinaspis biclavis, Comstock, is found over ail the 
islands on bark of various trees and always badly parasiti- 
cal. It is not serious in consequence. It may have 
come from any of the South Sea Islinds or Asia. 
Chienaspis eugeniae, Maskell, is a widely distri- 
buted species, it occurs in Australia, Ceylon, China, 
and Japan and lives upon very many plants. The 
scale has been doing well with Mr. Jordan, upon 
imported Japanese Magnolia and Eugenia. 
Chiouaspis prunicola, Maskell, Diaspis patelli- 
formis, Sasaki, Diasp's amygdali, Tryon, has been 
found upon imported Japanese plum trees that had 
died from the effects of the scale which appears to 
be very injurious in some temperate zones. It is 
still present upon .Japanese pear tree on same place 
at Honolulu. In Ceylon it was found on bark of 
Aleurites trilboa, at Hong Kong, on Rhusspa, Amoy, 
on peach, on the same tree at Formosa and unknown 
wild shrub, in Japan always on Pyrus, Prunus and 
Morus, on Juglans, Elaeagnus Ribes rubrum, 
Salix, Sterculia platanifolia, Fraxinus, Orixa 
japouica and many other trees and shrubs. While I 
anticipate no serious trouble from this coccid in the 
islands, yet it should not be allowed to get a 
foothold, and should be stamped out iu the beginning. 
P'l'orinia camelliae, Comstock, was first noticed upon 
imported Japanese Potocarpus. It is found most 
anywhere and has been met with in Airstralia on 
many plants, in Ceylon on Mistletoe, on Oleaude” at 
Amoy, in Formosa on Psidium and Juniper, Japan 
on Potocarpus m-acrophylla, Soiadopytis verticillata, 
Camillia, Euonyinu=, etc. , on Alligator pears, palms, 
(Lainellia, etc., iu Honolulu. Aspidiophagus citrinus, 
Craw, is preying upon the same. 
Ceroplastus ruhens, Maskell was found but sparingly 
in the beginning of ’94, yet at the present it may be 
seen anywhere and upon most any tree in Honolulu, 
although numerous, it is not very injurious compared 
to other scales. The insect no doubt was introduced 
with plants from China as it is quite common around 
Hongkong and there lives chiefly upon the various 
p'ne trees. In Ceylon it was found uponJambosa 
vulgaris. Two species of Chalcid parasites live 
upon the same in Honolulu, viz : Tomoce a cali- 
foruica, How, and Coccophagussp. A third spe- 
cies that is preying upon ( 'eroplastes flori- 
densis, Comstock, in Japan, has been introduced in 
some eighty specimens of both sexes. 
Both Ceroplastes ceriferus, Anderson, and C. 
floriden.sis have, at innumerable times, been brought 
in on plants from Japan and China, yet none of 
these appear to be established. 
Lecanium accurainatum, Signoret, is present on 
many plants iu the Islands, yet chiefly upon limea 
and lemon. It is always badly parasiteized in Hono- 
lulu by two species of Chalcid flies. 
Lecanium filicum, Boisduval ; L. Hemisphaericum, 
Targioni, Tozzetti; Lecanium coffea, Nietner, is 
found upon very many cultivated and wild plants 
throughout the islands, and is preyed upon by in- 
ternal parasites ; it is found common all over the 
world, chiefly so in the tropics. 
Lecanium hesperidum, Linnaeus, is but rarely found 
on the higher altitudes; it comes from the temperate 
zones. 
Lecanium longulum Douglas, is one of our commonest 
species and attacks most any plant on all the islands. It 
was this species that caused the smuty appearance of 
the ironwood trees in the park before the introduc- 
tion of the Rhizobius beetle. It is found in the tropics 
only out of doors. 
Lecanium mori, Siguoret, is found also upon many 
plants iu the islands, on various ferns, guava, etc. 
Pjecanium nigrum, Nietner, the commonest of all 
scale insects in the islands, nearly always can be 
found upon the Hibiscus hedges, Croton, guava, fig 
trees, etc. It was met with everywhere in the tropics, 
Fiji, New Caledonia, Queensland, Ceylon, Singapore, 
Hongkong and Formosa. In Japan it can not live 
out of doors, and is found only iu greenhouses. 
Lecanium oleae, Bernard, is not found numerous 
in tropical countries, it is rarely met with in Honolulu. 
Only in one instance have I seen it numerous upon 
oleander, on Hawaii. 
