34 
THE TROPICAL AGRICULTURIS 1. 
[July i, 1897. 
years. It had been found upon the same by Messrs. 
Miller and Wait at Kona before the introduction of 
other Coccinellids by me. Leis conformis, Boisd. had 
been observed breeding upon the orange Aphis early in 
1894. Another very valuable lady bird that feeds 
upon the various Aphids, and one that had always 
been found in small numbers only in Australia is Platy- 
omus lividigaster, Mulsant. It was met with in that 
country from New South Wales up to Uairns, Queens- 
land, and chiefly upon the orange Aphis. It was also 
noticed that a large percentage of their larvae were 
destroyed by a parasite, and owmg ro this fact the 
comparative scarcity may be accounted for. On the 
other hand, there is no such parasite as yet known in 
the Islands, ihe beetle was never yet found destroyed 
by the Centistes fly and in consequence may even prove 
of more value in time than the Coccinella rapanta. Its 
dusky larva is unlike those of the Coccinella proper ; it 
is covered all over with long spines for protection, 
The rather small black beetle is nearly round and has 
the sides of thorax bright sulphur yellow. It is a 
most active creature. 
Of Orciis., 0. Chalybeus, Boisd. has in- 
creased most upon the various Oiaspidinae 
chiefly, yet it will feed up on most any 
scale as well as Aphids. The Chryptolaemus mon- 
trouzieri, Mulsant, is in my opinion the most valu- 
able lady bird introduced into the Islands. It is 
always found upon any plant infested with Mealy 
bugs. It relentlessly follows up that destructive 
Pulvinaria and devours its eggs. It likewise devours 
Erioooccus araucariae. Masked, infesting the various 
Araucaria. You distributed the same during 1894, and 
on my recent inspection it was met with everywhere 
on all the Islands upon its fast disappearing food; 
around the Yolcano, upon the various forest tree, 
and shrubs it was very numerous; from there down 
Pahala over the lava flows it was numerous upon 
the scanty bushes growing. In Kona it was met with 
up to an altitude of 6,000 feet, and here was simply 
swarming uponMyoporum sandwicene, Gray, infested 
with Lacanium lillicum, Boisduval, its larva feeding 
upon the Dactylopius present. On Maui it was found 
upwards to the timber line and is very likely even 
higher. That far famed Vedalia cardinalis, Mul- 
sant did good work in Honolulu upon the one scale, 
Icerya purchasii. Masked. The Chrytolaemus beetle 
did equally well upon about a dozen species of 
coccids. Many other enemies were introduced for 
the Icerya scale, and one of them at least, Novius 
Koebelei, is at present abundant. 
Of Ehizobius a large number of species were intro- 
duced, and B. xentralis, Erichson, that feeds upon 
the various Lecanidae, has become the most abundant. 
It will feed upon Pulvinaria as wed and ca,n at any 
time be found upon Araucaria trees, preying upon 
Erioooccus ; owing to its valuable work the numerous 
species of black scales are disappearing. At the 
Kapiolani Park the Casuariira, formerly a complete 
black mass, owing to the numerous Lecanium, 
longulum, Douglas, have entirely recovered fiom the 
blighty appearance, and both the beetles and larvae 
could be foui d in any numbers during summer. Of 
the smaller Australian beetles, Cyreme nigellum, 
Blackburn, has perhaps increased most, and it was 
met with everywhere in Honolulu. 
With the Ceylon Coccinellids nothing could be 
done, the diAance is too great and ad arrived at 
Honolulu dead. One of these, and certainly the 
most valuable found there, Chilochorus circumdatus, 
Gydh., was later sent over from China. This 
insect had been recorded from Ceylon, India, and 
Sumatra, and consequently its occurence around Hong 
Kong could br expected. Daring three months, Oct. 
to Dec '95, a careful search had been made in the 
neighbourhood of Houg Kong, and of the insects in- 
troduced many are breeding in the Island. 
Synon die grandis, Thumbeig, is the largest known 
lady bird that feeds upon Oregma bambusae, Buckton, 
infesting the various Bambus plants in the Ma a) 
Archipelago, Ceylon, China and the southern Japan. 
A fresh specimen of these was found upon orange 
Aphids in Honolulu on May 6, 1896, and may have 
bred here. Verania discolor, Fabr., found near Hong 
Kong and Swatow w'as again met with in Honolulu 
eleven months later ; it feeds upon Aphids. Coelop- 
hora pupillata, Swartz, found common near Hong 
Kong upon Celtis sinensis, infested with Psylla, was 
met with all summer upon Aphis at Honolulu. 
Coelophorabiplagiata, Swar ez, collected and sent from 
Hong Kong, has been noticed in Honolulu for several 
months after my return. Chilomenes quartriplabiatr, 
Swartz, had been observed breeding upoir plant lice, 
and Dactyloprius and will prove a valuable additiou. 
Cryptogonus orbiculatus Gyllb, is a very common 
little lady bird. It was found numerous upon orange, 
etc., at Atami, .Japan, it was breeding by the 
thousands upon Mimosa pudica, L., infested with 
Dactylopius adonidum. Lino.— the common Mealy 
bug — at Cooloong, China, and in Formosa again, it 
was numerous upon the tea plants that were in- 
fested with Chionaspis theae. This will be another 
valuable help in destroying the various Mealy bugs. 
The beetle was found very numerous during Nov. 
at Honolulu. 
Platynaspis nigra, Weise, has been sent both from 
Japran and China, in the former country it was 
always one of the commonest lady birds upion orange 
infested with Diaspidinae. At Yokohama it was bred 
in numbers from a small powdery white larva on 
trunk of Styrax japonica S. and Z. It was always 
in numbers upon camellia hedges infested with 
various scales; found common in China upon orange 
and feeding upon Aspidiotus Diaspis and Mytilaspis ; 
also at Formosa numerous upon Chionaspis theae. 
In Honolulu likewise, the little beetle lives upon 
the hardest scale insects such as Aspidiotus aurantii. 
Maskell A. longispina, Morgan, and Mytilaspis citri- 
cola, Packard. 
Sticholotis punctatus. Crotch, was found in Japan 
and China, in Honolulu during the summer always 
upon Eriococcus araucariae, Comstock, upon Aleu- 
rodes sp., infesting Jasmin, and upon many other 
plants. While searching for Coccinellidae to be for- 
warded to the other Islands, in the beginning of 
November, the little beetles were swarming, so to 
speak, in the Government Nursery upon most the 
tree trunks, on fences, etc., searching for a hiding 
place to winter in. The species of lady birds en- 
umerated above are no means all that have estab- 
lishei themselves on Oahu. Only in some four 
gardens in the city where they collected, and a 
thorough search for tliem no doubt will reveal many 
other forms ; some may even breed in the forest on 
the mountain where he have not looked for them. 
Of the other introduced predaceous and parasite 
insects, it appears that some Syrphid and Cbrysopa 
flies are established. Chalcis obscurata. Walker, is 
making war in earnest upon the Pyralid larva des- 
tructive to the coconut leaves, banani,, sugar cane, 
etc. Finding such an abundance of Depidopterous 
larvaeit also preys upon those of Tortricidaea con- 
genial climate, and no parasite present to prey on 
its own larva, it is no wonder that within one year 
this parasite has increased to such an exent that on 
one occasion, at the beginning of November in Mr. 
Jaeger’s garden, they were seen flying around the 
trunk of Pritchardia filifera, which has still all the 
old leaves remaining on the stems, in a perfect 
swarm It is in such places that they hybernate for 
a short time. The insect was found in numbers upon 
orange trees in the early spring at Japan. In China 
during November and December they could be found 
by the dozens sitting amongst the leaves of Pandanus. 
This Chalcid fly was met with all over the Island of 
Oahu during the summer, flying actively around the 
shrubs and trees in search of their prey. It was sent 
to Kauai and Hawaii. A second introduced parasite 
was found to prey upon the Pyralid larva on coconut 
leaves, a species of Proctotrupid, not yet identified, 
it was sent from Japan with many other forms ; this 
also was introduced on Kauai. 
In addition to the numerous predaceous and para- 
sitic insects, it was also found advisable to intro- 
duce Eats, Toads and Progs. So far the results of 
the introduced California Bats, of which over six 
hundred reached the Islands living, has not been very 
encouraging, since little is seen of them in Honolulu. 
