664 
THE TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST. 
[April i, 189S. 
offer our congratulations to Mr. Clias. . S. Hadden 
whom we have known and esteemed since he began 
revisiting his properties here — so well-managed by 
his nephews — some twenty years ago. The very 
type and heau-ideal of country squire, of “a fine old 
English gentleman, all of the olden time,” it is a 
credit to Ceylon that she can munber among her 
early Planting Pioneers, one so hale and hearty as 
Chables S. Hadden op Kotyagalla, Boga- 
WANTALAWA, CeYLON ; AND OF INGLESIDE, SuNNING- 
DALE, Bebks, England. 
Long may he survive for us to point to as one of 
the very first band of Proprietary Planters who 
nvaded the Kandyan jungles in the early “forties,” 
and who have made Ceylon what she is today ; aind 
long may the name of “ Hadden ” through younger 
generations, continue to be honorably enrolled in 
the Proprietary and Managing lists of our Ceylon 
plantations. 
TIMBER TREES OF THE SEYCHELLES 
ISLANDS. 
EEMABKS AND USES OF TIMBER. 
SidcroxyJon Species. “Capucin.” A large growing 
tree. Timber hard, almost undestructible either in 
water or in the atmosphere, used for beams, wall plates, 
frames of wooden houses, verandah posts, piles, planks, 
shingles, spokes for wheels, ifec. 
Calophyllum inoplojllujn. “Takaraaka” or “Tacamaha- 
cai.’ A large growing shady tree always found on the 
seashore. Trunk 4 feet in diameter. Timber tough, 
coarse grained, not easily worked, color reddish, used 
for boards, planks, beams, ship and ' boat building, 
masts. Cocoa-nut mills are dug out of the root end 
of the tree and excellent'canoes “Pirogues” are made 
(hollowed) out of it. The exudation from the stem 
ii the Tacct/na/iacc resin of Commerce. Its seeds yitld 
the bitter oil of India which is said to be worth £90 
par ton. This oil has a great reputation in Polynesia 
and the East Indies as a liniment for rheumatisms, 
pains in the joints, and bruises, and its efficacy in 
these respects can hardly be exaggerated. The uses 
o£ the oil and resin are unknown in Seychelles. 
Dipterocarpeoe Species. “ Bois de fer.” This is a 
large lofty growing tree, often attaining a height of 
over 100 feet, with a trunk 40 to 70 feet to the first 
branch, and a diameter of from 4 to 6 feet. Ha.sgreat 
repute for making canoes. Timber resembles Teak in 
color and grain, hard and durable, used in all parts 
of house-hulding, boats, &c. Tuis is perhaps the most 
useful timber of the Seychelles Islands, for general 
purposes. When the tree is yvounded there exudes 
an almost transparent resin yvhich is exceedingly 
flammable, and was formerly used as incense. 
Afzclia bejui/a “ Gayac”or “ Faux Gayao.” Yields 
a very fine strong and durable timber. In color it 
is not unlike the last and is used for the same pur- 
poses. It is now very soaice, and few living trees 
exceed 8 iuclies in diameter. 
Termiiialia Badaniia “ Badamier.” A large growing 
tree from which canoes are frequently made. Timber 
is generally used for boarding inside of houses, &c, 
will not bear wet and exposure to the atmosphere. 
Imhricada petklaria. “ lio\s Ae Natte.” A large and 
lofty growing tree. Trunk often attaining a height 
of !50 feet. It is now becoming very scarce. Timber 
used in all parts of house building, cabinet work, 
Ac. It is dark colored, close and fine grained, hard 
and durable. It makes beautiful furniture and when 
wall polished it almost rivals the finest Mahogany. 
Goin pbi-andra species. “ Bois Maree.” A middling 
sized tree, whose wood is used for boards and planks 
in house-building. The timber is of a dirty white 
color, and not very durable. 
Wormia fermgenia. “ Bois Eonge ” Is an ordinary 
sized tree, Timber red colored, hard and durable, ,bears 
exposure well and is in great repute for flooring and 
roofing houses. 
Ilcvitcritx littovdlis, “ Bois de Table.” A large grow- 
ing tree, not common. Timber used in house build- 
ing, furniture, &a. It is close grained and dark color- 
ed, and its quality is excellent. 
Ruhiacc(z Species. “Bois Sandal ’’ or “Sandal.” A 
small tree, Trunk seldom exceeds a foot in diameter 
and 20 feet in height. Wood close grained, easily 
worked, polishes well, beautiful pale yellow color, used 
for ornamental work in the in.side of houses, furni- 
ture, panelling, and occasionally boards, &o. 
Campanosnermum Zeylanicum “ Bois Mmtagne.” Oc- 
casionally attainslargedimensions. Held in great repute 
for making canoes which are said to be very durable. 
Timber used in bouse, ship and boat building Ac. 
Castm ina EquidtifoUa. “Filao ” or “ Cedre ” In 
Seychelles this tree attains a gigantic size. In 1871 
I saw one whose trunk vras 150 feet in length and 
6 feet in diameter at about 20 feet from the root, 
lying on the beach near St. Anne's Bay, Praslin'. 
In 1874, I saw several trees of it, growing on the 
beach at Curieuse Bay, Praslin. that were 120 feet 
in height, and straight as arrows. They appeared to 
be comparatively young trees. Its timber is used in 
all parts of house building. It is close grained, and 
sinks in water when it is green. When kept dry it 
IS very durable, but decays quickly when exposed to 
moisture. It is nearly impossible to draw nails out 
of it. It makes excellent firewood and burns freely 
even when green. It is indigenous to these Islands 
and grows readily from seed which may fall on cleared 
ground.— J. Horne, Suh-Eirector. 
> 
CINNAMOMUM TAMALA. 
The Director of the Department of Land Records 
and Agriculture in Assam on the 22nd April 1895 
forwarded some specimens of Tej-pat leaves for iden- 
tification. In the letter accompanying the sample 
it was said that the tree yielding the leave.s was 
largely grown in the Jaintia district for the sake of 
the leaves which were used as condiment. The Laves 
belonged to Cinnamomum Tamala, and on their 
being referred to Dr. Prain of the Royal Botanic 
Garden, Sibpur, he pronounced them to be those of 
the variety intermedium. 
The use of Cinnamon leaves in India has been known 
for centuries. At one time, as Folia Malabathri or 
Folia Indi, the leaves of certain Indian species of 
Cinnamomam were employed in European medicine 
but now they have become obsolete. * 
The information we posses on the subject of 
Tej-pat as recorded in works on materia medica is 
very fragmentary, but the discovery of a large trade 
in this drug in Assam has enabled us to bring together 
all the recent facts in connection with the industry. 
On the receipt of the letter from the Director, Land 
Records and Agriculture, Assam, a set of questions 
was drawn up by the Rsporter enquiring into the 
extent of the cultivation and commerce of the leaves 
The replies to these questions sent in by the Director 
and other officials in Assam have assisted very materi- 
ally in the compilation of a fairly complete Agricultural 
Ledger on the subject. 
Botanical OLyfra.— Tej-pat is obtained principally 
from Cinnamomum Tamala, Fr. Nees, and its variety 
intermedium. The leaves under this name have also 
been derived from C. albifiorum, Nees (in the Lahore 
bazars), C. obtnsifolium, Nees, and C. impressinervium 
Meissn (in Sikkirn;, and the wild species C. zeylauicum. 
Bregn. The Tej-pat from wild trees found in Mysore' 
and referred to in the Pharmacographia would probably 
belong to the last named plant. Roxburgh alludes 
in his Flora_ Indies, to Tej-pat leaves as those of 
Laurus Cassia, a name which is now synonymous 
with C. Tamala. It has been stated by some writers 
that the leaves of any species of cinnamon are in- 
discriminately referred to as Tej-pat by the Natives 
Vernacular.— The drug is called Taniali in the Raia 
Nirghanta and this is probably the origin of the specific 
