514 
R. J. HARYEY- GIBSON AND ELSIE HORSMAN ON 
Summary of the Anatomical Characters of the Berberidacea;. 
1. Scattered vascular bundles occur in the aerial steins of the Podophyllse, the 
largest bundles being centrally placed. Save that cambium is present, the vascular 
anatomy closely resembles that seen in Monocotyledonous stems. 
2. Bordered pits occur very frequently in the secondary wood, both in vessels 
and tracheids ; the apertures vary in shape, some being circular, others more or less 
oval with slit-like apertures. Where circular bordered pits occur in tracheids they 
closely resemble those of Pinus, although both tracheids and pits are smaller than 
in the Coniferse. 
3. The combination of a double spiral thickening and bordered pits is of common 
occurrence in the woody species of the order; while bordered pits combined with 
reticulate thickenings occur in some (conf. Taxus). 
4. The xylem parenchyma is as a rule unlignified. Some species show a few 
lignified cells among the vessels of the protoxylem, but in none are there continuous 
plates or areas of lignified parenchyma. 
5. Lignified fibres are common in the phloem of the woody species. 
6. The cork cells have remarkably wide lumina and are very deeply seated, 
arising from the inner layers of the pericycle. This is true only of woody species 
and of the rhizomes of some herbaceous forms. 
7. There is a continuous ring of sclerotic fibres in the pericycle. 
8. Sclereides are absent from the Berberidacese, unless Berberidopsis be included 
in the order. 
9. In some woody species spines are present, either epidermocortical or foliar 
in origin. 
10. No endodermis is distinguishable save in Akebia among the Lardizabalacese. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
(1) Harvey-Gibson and M. Bradley, “The Anatomy of the Stem of the Papaveracese,” Trans. Roy. Soc. 
Edin., vol. li, 1916. 
(2) Engler and Prantl, Die naturlichen Pfianzenfamilien, 1891. 
(3) Lotsy, Vortrage fiber botanische Stammesgeschichte, vol. iii. 
(4) Solereder, Systematic Anatomy of Dicotyledons, Oxford, 1908. 
(5) Bentham and Hooker, Genera Plant arum. 
(6) De Bary, Comparative Anatomy of Phanerogams and Ferns, Oxford, 1884. 
(7) Leger, “Recherches aux I’appareil vegetatif des Papaveracees,” Bull. Soc. Linn. Norm., 1891. 
(8) Sanio, Botanische Zeitung, 1864. 
(9) Tischler, “ Berberidaceen nnd Podophyllaceen,” Bot. Jahrb., 1902. 
(10) Holm, “ Podophyllum peltatum,” Botanical Gazette, 1899. 
(11) Haberlandt, Physiological Plant Anatomy, 1914. 
(12) Hill, “Histology of Sieve Tubes of Angiosperms,” Annals of Botany, xxii, 1908- 
