THE ANATOMY OF THE STEM OF THE BERBERIDACE2E. 
511 
2. That the remarkably wide-lumined cork cells which arise on the inner border 
of the composite pericyle are present in Berberidese and in the aerial stems of some 
of the Podophyllese, but are absent in the Epimedese and in the aerial stems of 
Podophyllese, where the cork is normal in form and sub-epidermal in origin. 
3. That in the aerial axes of Podophyllese the bundles show a “ scattered ” arrange- 
ment, as in Monocotyledons, but that in the subterranean regions the chief bundles 
form a definite ring, while others are scattered in the cortex. In Epimedese they are 
arranged in a ring which appears to be formed by the interlocking of two rings of 
bundles. In Berberidese the bundles exhibit the normal Dicotyledonous arrangement. 
4. That bast fibres are present in tangential rows in the secondary phloem of 
Berberidese, but are absent from the Epimedese and Podophyllese. 
5. That the rigid texture of the Berberidese is produced by the relatively large 
amount of prosenchymatous fibres, not present in herbaceous Epimedese (though in 
the rhizomes of Nandina and Yancouveria), nor in the Podophyllese ; while unlignified 
parenchyma is present among the vessels of Epimedese and Podophyllese, but not of 
Berberidese. 
6. That the vessels in all three groups possess bordered pits with slit-like 
apertures, their greatest diameter being always at right angles to the axis of the 
vessel. In the Berberidese these are often accompanied by spiral or reticulate 
thickenings, but this combination does not occur in the Podophyllese and Epimedese. 
7. That broad primary medullary rays consisting of lignified cells link up the 
xylem of the vascular bundles into a complete stereome ring in some, whilst in 
others (except Nandina and Vancouveria rhizomes) the bundles are widely separated 
by undifferentiated parenchymatous cells. 
8. That the central parenchyma is similar in all three groups, being composed 
usually of central thin-walled cells, with thick-walled cells towards the protoxylems. 
In both Berberidese and Epimedese some species show uniformly sclerotic parenchyma. 
The Berberidese alone show crystals in the central parenchyma. 
9. That the sieve tubes in all genera have sieve plates on their bevelled ends, and 
occasionally on the lateral walls as well. 
10. That the endodermis is not well marked, and that stone cells are conspicu- 
ously absent. 
In stem anatomy Hydrastis canadensis does not resemble Podophyllum, for the 
vascular bundles are not scattered and the ring of sclerotic pericycle, which is 
invariably present in all the Berberidaeese examined, is entirely absent. The 
anatomical characters suggest that this species is not closely allied to the 
Berberidaeese. 
The Lardizabalaceas are regarded as a tribe of Berberidaeese by Bentham and 
Hooker. They are included in that order also by Solereder, but separated from it 
by Engler and Prantl and by Lotsy. This order comprises Lardizabala, Stauntonia, 
Akebia, Decaisnea, Holboellia, Parvatia, and Boquila. 
