FROM A DREDGING IN THE WEDDELL SEA. 
703 
This will be clearly seen by reference to PI. Y, fig. 51, and PI. Ill, fig. 33. The first 
of these figures represents the lowest transverse section of a cup which was obtained. 
The central cavity surrounded by six loculi occupies the centre. The walls separating 
the loculi are considerably thickened by callus growth. Surrounding the whole is a 
thick zone of lamellae concentric with the cup, and presenting the appearance of an 
outer wall thickened by subsequent deposition of calcareous material. The latter 
figure, however, offers an explanation of the apparent thickening of the outer wall. 
Here the cup is cut longitudinally. Inner wall, septa, tabulae, and outer wall are all 
shown, while at the base the whole vase-shaped organism is supported by a lamellar 
structure attached to a cluster of tubules of the alga Epiphyton fasciculatum, 
Chapman. The lamellae then clothe the base of the cup in a close investment, 
the outer layers spreading at their base to give a firm support to the whole. But 
the lamellae often spread laterally, embracing other remains and forming a pocket 
in which the base of the cup rests (PI. V, fig. 52). In other cases groups of these 
plates attach themselves like struts to other organisms, expanding and flattening out 
on the supporting surface, and thus helping to steady the whole cup (PI. V, fig. 53, a). 
As would be expected, the pores of the outer wall are obliterated where the investing 
laminae occur, but there being a sufficiency of material all the details of the porous 
structure were determined, as follows — Pores on inner wall, 4 to 6 per mm. ; on outer 
wall, 4 to 5 per mm. ; on septa, 5 per mm. ; on tabulae (irregular meshwork rather 
than distinct pores), 8 or 9 per mm. 
It will be noted in the above figures that there is considerable diversity in the 
size of pore, but I am averse to creating new species on pore size alone, for in two 
sections of the same specimen the measurements were 5 and 6 pores per mm. 
respectively. Nor do I consider the examples giving 4 pores per mm. sufficiently 
different in other respects to constitute a distinct species. 
One of the best sections of the inner wall is shown in PI. I, fig. 1, and has been 
already referred to. Here the pores run 4 per mm. A similar section from another 
specimen (PI. Y, fig. 53) shows pores 5-5 per mm. (In addition, the fixing lamellae 
a are very conspicuous in this last figure.) The outer wall in the specimen of PI. I, 
fig. 1, is figured in PL V, fig. 55, and again the pores run 4 per mm. As the inner 
pores and outer pores always correspond in size whether 4 per mm. or 6 per mm., 
the fossils are all of the “ equivallum” type (Taylor). 
The porous character of the septa is not so easily illustrated, but one good 
section is figured (PI. V, fig. 57). When we consider the tabulae the difficulty 
is greater, but in PI. Y, fig. 56, a small part of one of these is illustrated. The 
structure is an irregular meshwork rather than a regularly porous plate. 
One of the figured sections (PI. Y, fig. 58) gives a good idea of the mode of 
new septal introduction, and also the irregular character of the tabulae in many 
cases. While the new septa arise practically in whorls at the same level, yet 
that level does not seem to bear any relation to the tabulae. 
