THE INSECT ASSOCIATION OF A LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLEX. 
41 
Bromus mollis. A close matting of moss, Brachythecium rutabulum, covered the 
surface of the ground, obscured to casual observation by the taller plants. In 
addition to these species there were also present in greater or less abundance Boa 
trivialis, Ranunculus acris, Veronica chamaedrys, Trifolium repens, Chrysanthemum 
leucanthemum , Beilis perennis, Bunium fexuosum, Cerastium triviale, Potentilla 
anserina, Potentilla reptans, Lolium perenne , Agrostis alba, Agrostis vulgaris, 
Prunella vulgaris, Phleum pratense, Ranunculus fcaria , Trifolium pratense, 
and Draba verna. 
In the south-eastern corner of the same meadow, in the vicinity of a pond, the 
plant species were essentially hygrophytic, and included Lychnis flos-cuculi, Carduus 
palustris, Spiraea ulmaria, Lotus corniculatus, Ajuga reptans, Anemone nemorosa, 
Primula vulgaris, P. veris , Cardamine pratensis , Trifolium pratense, together with 
species of Carex, Juncus, and Equisetum. In the north corner of the same meadow, 
surrounded almost wholly by trees, bracken ( Pteris aquilina ) flourishes, interspersed 
by blue-bells and yellow pimpernel. On its westerly exposure Glover’s Meadow is 
bounded by an intermittent hedge of hawthorn, elm, and willow, interrupted here 
and there by isolated trees of oak and alder. At the base of this hedge the 
following species were observed : — Rubus fruticosus, Rosa canina, Urtica dioica, 
Digitalis purpurea, Teucrium scorodonia, Sarothamnus scoparius, Equisetum spp., 
Stellaria holostea, Lyclii is diurna, Anthriscus sylvestris, Heracleum sphondylium, 
and Vida sepium. 
The trees on the eastern side of the meadow (PI. II, fig. 2), forming the upper 
limits of the wood which clothes the declivity, are a mixed assortment of sycamore, 
elm, oak, holly, ash, hawthorn, hazel, and elder. 
The herbage of the Alluvial Pasture has as its predominant constituents LLolcus 
lanatus, Trifolium repens, Lolium perenne, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Festuca ovina, 
Agrostis alba, and A. vulgaris. Other grasses present are Poa trivialis, P. pratensis, 
and P. annua, Festuca pratensis, Cynosurus cristatus, and Dactylis glomerata. The 
wood on the southern side (PI. II, fig. l) contains alder, ash, sycamore, beech, holly, 
hawthorn, elder, hazel, oak, willow, mountain ash, and elm. In the shade of the 
trees overhanging the meadow the Urtica dioica, Lychnis diurna, Mercurialis 
perennis, and Arctium lappa , each of these species occurring in great profusion in 
this particular location. 
A summary of the weeds in the Alluvial Pasture showed that the following 
species were abundant : — Urtica dioica, Rumex acetosa, Ranunculus repens, R. acris, 
Beilis perennis, Achillea millefolium, Cerastium triviale, Luzula campestris, 
Carduus arvensis, Rumex obtusifolius, and R. crispus. 
It has been considered necessary to detail the floral species in this way, not only 
because of the important relations which exist between plants and phytophagous 
insects directly, but also because of the action and interaction continually exerted 
between the vegetational type and the climatic factors so important to animal life, 
