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PROFESSOR ,T. COSSAR EWART AND DOROTHY MACKENZIE ON 
On the 3rd of September the inspirations were again down to 16; the bird ate 
one fish and spent a long time in the water, both morning and afternoon. 
On the 4th of September the actual shedding of the feathers commenced, and 
the moult was completed on the 15th. By the following day the bird was once more 
quite normal, ate five large whitings, and spent a long time in the pool. It gave 
its first trumpet-call on the 26th September — 22- days from the beginning of the 
moult, — but its lower mandible did not resume its normal orange-pink colour until 
the end of October. 
Note on the Moulting of the three King Penguins in 1916. 
In 1914 the order of moulting was “ C,” “ B,” “A,” and in 1915 the same order 
was observed ; but in 1916 it was exactly reversed, “ A,” the adult bird, moulting 
first (duration of moult 17 days, as against 11 in 1915); “B” second (duration of 
moult 10 days, as in 1915) ; and “ C” third (duration of moult 12 days, being about 
the same time as in 1915). In 1916 “A” began to moult on the 14th of July — 
in 1915 a start was only made on the 4th of September. In 1916 “B” began to 
moult on the 26th of July-^three weeks earlier than in 1915. “ C ” kept to more or 
less the same time as in the previous year. 
There were considerable differences in the behaviour of the birds in 1916. 
The desire for solitude, e.g. — so very pronounced at the beginning of last year’s 
moult — was conspicuous by its absence in 1916. During the whole of the moult- 
ing period, which extended from the 14th of July to the 8th of August, the three 
birds might be seen together on quite friendly terms with each other. This may 
possibly be explained by the fact that in 1916 the birds, instead of moulting in suc- 
cession, moulted almost simultaneously, so that they had not such opportunities of 
adversely criticising each other’s personal appearance as in the previous year. 
Another point of interest was the very great improvement in their general health. 
There was at times difficulty with their breathing, but not nearly so pronounced as 
before, and, though they looked very untidy and ragged, they did not have the very 
miserable and dejected appearance as in the previous year. 
“A” and “C” shed their mandibular sheaths before the moult, but “B” shed 
them on the 7th day of the moult. 
“ A ” ate nine fish during the 17 days occupied in moulting, which was the same 
number consumed by “ B ” in the ten days of moult. 
“ B ” is again the only one of the three penguins to show the green “ gloss ” on 
the top of the head. It was first observed the day after the moult was completed. 
In all three cases the penguins entered the water on the last day of the moult. 
“ A ” gave its first trumpet-call on the day after the moult was ended, but its voice 
was very feeble and squeaky. “B” made its first attempt on the day before the 
moult was completed, but it also was not a great success, and, as the others did not 
approve, it was not allowed to “ bugle ” to a finish. 
