ANATOMY AND AFFINITY OF CERTAIN RARE AND PRIMITIVE FERNS. 393 
II. Llavea. 
1. The dermal appendages are simple hairs and large scales of an advanced type. 
2. The stele is a wide unperforated solenostele with branched root-traces. The 
leaf-gaps are short and oblique. 
3. The leaf- trace is an undivided strap inserted obliquely towards the base of 
the gap. There is an incipient perforation in the base of the leaf-trace. 
4. The pinna-traces are of marginal origin. 
5. The leaf is tripinnate, and has many pinnules. 
6. The basal pinnules are typically cordate and sterile. There are occasional 
reticulations in the lateral A^eins. The upper pinnules are usually fertile. They are 
narrow, and have their margins, inrolled. There are no vein-reticulations. 
7 . The sporangial arrangement is “ Acrostichoid.” 
8. The sporangia are of an upgrade type, in which irregularities of the annulus 
are still common. The spore-output is on an advanced footing of reduction. 
9. The sporangia of Llavea and Cryptogramme have been compared. In the 
former the sporangial-stalk and spore-output are advanced, in the latter primitive 
characters persist in the stalk. 
10. The anatomical and sporangial characters of Llavea are considered such as 
to justify its recognition as a Schizseoid derivative, which is more advanced than 
Jamesonia, and is distinct from other genera. 
III. Trismeria. 
1. The dermal appendages of the axis are scales of an advanced type. The 
sterile pinnae are naked, but the fertile pinnae possess capitate hairs, with which is 
associated a secretion of wax. 
2. Similar capitate hairs and wax secretions are recorded from certain Gymno- 
grammes, Nothochlsenas , and Cheilanthes. 
3. The stele is an advanced solenostele, with long and wide leaf-gaps. 
4. The leaf-trace is of an advanced type, being divided in its basal portion into 
two broad straps. 
5. The pinna-trace supply is for the most part of extra-marginal origin. This 
constitutes an advanced feature. 
6. On comparison with the vascular tissue of Gymnogramme japonica it is 
shown that the vascular system of Trismeria is of the Gymnogramme type, but not 
so advanced as in G. japonica. 
7 . The sporangia are of an advanced type, with typically regular vertical annulus. 
Only occasional irregularities are found in the annulus. The sporangial arrangement 
is “ Acrostichoid.” 
8. The spore-output is small. This is an advanced feature. 
