ANATOMY AND AFFINITY OF CERTAIN RARE AND PRIMITIVE FERNS. 397 
Fig. 45, Reconstruction of a portion of the vascular. cylinder of the axis. ( x 8.) 
Fig. 46. Various views of the tetrahedral spores. ( x 90.) 
Fig. 47. Transverse section of a root. ( x 30.) 
Fig. 48. Side view of a sporangium of Cryptogr'amme crispa. The annulus is regular, hut passes the 
stalk obliquely. ( x 60.) 
Fig. 49. Transverse sections of the stalks of two sporangia of Cryptogramme crispa, the one consisting 
of six, the other of four rows of cells. ( x 60.) 
Fig. 50. Oblique posterior view of a sporangium of Gryptogramme crispa. The annulus is regular, but 
the indurated cells do not reach the stalk. ( x 60.) 
Fig. 51. Portion of the annulus of a sporangium of Cryptogramme crispa. The stalk consisted of three 
rows of cells, the annulus was regular and interrupted by the stalk. ( x 60.) 
Fig. 52. Portion of the annulus of a sporangium of Cryptogramme crispa. The stalk consisted of four 
rows of cells, the annulus was regular and interrupted by the stalk. ( x 60.) 
B'ig. 53. Portion of a sporangium of Cryptogramme crispa. The stalk consisted of five rows of cells, 
the annulus was irregular and slightly oblique. ( x 60.) 
Fig. 54. Portion of an irregular annulus of Cryptogramme crispa. ( x 60.) 
Plate VI. 
Cryptogramme crispa (L.), R. Br., Gymnogramme japonica (Thnby.), Desv., and Nothochlxna, R. Br. 
Fig. 55. Back view of a sporangium of Cryptogramme crispa. The annulus is regular and oblique. 
( x 60.) 
Fig. 56. Reconstruction of the stele of a portion of axis of Gymnogramme japonica. ( x 24.) 
Fig. 57. Portion of a sporangium of Cryptogramme crispa, showing an irregularity at the base of the 
annulus. ( x 60.) 
Fig. 58. Front view of a sporangium of Nothoclileena affinis, Hk. The stomium is clearly removed from 
the stalk. ( x 45.) 
Figs. 59, 60, 61. Spores of large, medium, and small size of N. affinis, R. Br. ( x 60.) 
Fig. 62. The indurated portion of the irregular annulus from a sporangium of N. affinis, R. Br. ( x 45.) 
Fig. 63. Back view of the sporangium of N. affinis, R. Br. ; depicted in front view in fig. 58. ( x 45.) 
Fig. 64. Side view of a sporangium of N. sinuata, Kaulf. ( x 45.) 
Fig. 65. Tetrahedral spore of N. sinuata, Kaulf. (,x 60.) 
Figs. 66, 67, 68. Sporangia of N, nivea, Desv., 66 and 67 being front views, 68 a back view. (All x 35.) 
Fig. 69. Tetrahedral spore of N. nivea, Desv. ( x 60.) 
PLATE VII. 
Ceratopteris, R. Br., and Nothochlmna, Brong. 
Figs. 70, 71. Two side views of sporangia of Ceratopteris thalictroides, Brong. In both, the irregular 
annulus is interrupted by the short, massive stalk. ( x 45.) 
Figs. 72, 73. Top and side views of a spore of C. thalictroides, Brong. ( x 60.) 
Fig. 74. Portion of a sporangium of C. thalictroides, Brong., opened to show the vertical course of the 
irregular annulus. ( x 45.) 
Figs. 75, 76. Front and side views respectively of two sporangia of C. thalictroides, Brong., with stomium 
well developed. ( x 45.) 
Figs. 77, 78. Side views of two sporangia of N. distans, R. Br. ( x 45.) 
Fig. 79. Spore of N. distans, R. Br. ( x 60.) 
Fig. 80. Portion of a sporaugium of N. trichomanoides, R. Br., opened to show the entire course of the 
irregular annulus. ( x 45.) 
Fig. 81. Spore of N. trichomanoides, R. Br. ( x 60.) 
Fig. 82. Portion of a sporangium of N. trichomanoides, R. Br., with almost regular vertical annulus. 
( x 45.) 
Figs. 83, 84. Examples of the greatest irregularities in the annulus of N. trichomanoides, R. Br. ( x 45.) 
