442 
PROFESSOR J. STEPHENSON AND PROFESSOR HARU RAM ON THE 
that amount would represent the average dimensions ; they are separated by 
spaces and clefts, and so do not form a compact aggregate. There may be a very 
distinct capsule covering them in ; but this capsule may become continuous with 
the surface of the cells, fusing with them and so ceasing to exist. On following 
the cells inwards, towards the centre of the gland, they soon become granular, 
with indistinct margins, and take . on the usual structure of the gland. Here and 
there a lobule is largely composed of such separate cells. 
We take such separate cells to be recent formations, indicating growth of the 
gland, or more probably a regeneration of functional elements after the disintegra 1 
tion of those lying nearer the centre of the mass. 
Ducts within the Gland . — Ducts are seen here and there in the sections, both 
within and between the lobules. In the epithelium of which their wall is composed 
cell boundaries are not to be made out ; if we imagine the layer to be divided up 
in accordance with the disposition of the nuclei, the elements would be broadly 
columnar. The ducts stain with a slightly pinker tinge (in DelafiekT and eosin) 
than the gland tissue. 
The ducts begin within the lobules by the assumption of a regular arrangement 
of the gland “cells” themselves; the “cells” of the ductule at its origin pass into 
and are continuous with those of the glandular mass. The height of the epithelial 
layer is 7-8 p, near the origin within the lobule ; the nuclei are relatively large, 
situated rather basally, and contain scattered grains of chromatin. The diameter 
of the ductule is 17-20 /r, and the lumen is small. Soon after the ductule has been 
established, the protoplasm shows a vertical striation, and this appearance continues 
throughout the larger ducts also'. 
The larger (interlobular) ducts have a delicate connective tissue coat outside 
the epithelial layer. The height of the epithelium is 14 /r, and the diameter of 
the duct 40-45 p.. The large ducts about to unite as they emerge from the gland 
have a diameter of 60-70 /r. 
Relations of Glandular Tissue and Ducts. — We do not think it is possible to 
suppose that every original cell of the lobule discharges directly, by a narrow neck 
or otherwise, into the ductule in its centre. The epithelial layer of the ductule 
certainly is not penetrated by the necks of surrounding cells ; and the original 
cells of the gland are far too numerous to allow us to suppose that they can all 
cluster round the beginning of the ductule and discharge there. For example, 
starting from the tip of the gland, there are, in one particular series, five sections 
(or a thickness of 40 /a) without sign of a ductule ; while in one section alone there 
are more than 100 nuclei — in the very first section there are more than 50 ; 
allowing fifteen sections to the whole lobule, and an average of 100 nuclei to 
each section, the lobule will consist of 1500 cells. The impression received from 
the disposition of the nuclei also is that the very large majority of “ cells ” could 
not ever get near the ductule, and were not even at first connected with it (cf. fig. 2). 
