1887.] Dr A. B. Griffiths on Organs of the Invertebrata. 237 
reactions were observed : — On running in between the side and 
cover-slip a solution of iodine in potassium iodide, a brown deposit 
was obtained, and on running in concentrated nitric acid on another 
slide containing a drop or two of the secretion, a yellow coloration 
was formed, due to the formation of xanthoproteic acid. These 
two reactions show the presence of albumen in the secretion of the 
organ in question. 
(e) The soluble ferment was extracted according to the Kistia- 
kowsky method (Pfl tiger’s Archiv fur Physiologie , vol. ix. pp. 
438-459). The ferment converts fibrin into leucin (a-amido- 
caproic acid, C 6 H 13 N0 2 ) and tyrosin (oxyphenylamidopropionic acid, 
C 9 H n N0 3 ). 
(/) No glycocholic and taurocholic acids could he detected by 
the Pettenkofer and other tests. No glycogen was found in the 
organ or its secretion. 
(g) The secretion contains about 5 per cent, of solids. 
( h ) The secretion contains leucin and tyrosin. 
Similar reactions were obtained with the secretion of the pyloric 
coeca ( “ liver ” ) of Periplaneta orient alls, which substantiate and 
further extend the investigations of Krukenberg, Plateau [Bull, de 
V Acad. Roy. de Belgique , xli. 1874), Hoppe-Seyler, and others. 
The secretion of the so-called “ livers ” of Helix aspersa, Umax 
maximus , Limax flavus , My a arenaria , Anodonta cygnea , and 
Lumbricus terrestris all yield similar reactions to those of the 
secretions of the “ liver ” of Astacus fluviatilis. 
From these investigations the conclusions to he drawn are, that 
the so-called “ livers ” of the Gasteropoda, Lamellibranchiata, 
Crustacea, Insec ta, and Oligoehmta are pancreatic in function, i.e., 
their secretions are more like the secretions of the pancreas of the 
Yertebrata than the secretions of a liver. 
In conclusion, I may say that the present work will be continued 
on other problematical organs of the Invertebrata, and their analogy 
or otherwise with organs whose functions are well established in 
the Vertebrate division of animal life; for one cannot forget 
Pope’s words — 
“All are but parts of one stupendous whole.” 
