Upright-growing Evergreens as a foundation planting 
EVERGREEN TREES 
The growing of Evergreens is one of our great specialties. The nature 
of our soil, and the frequent transplanting we practise produce the so- 
much-desired “root-ball.” Our open climatic conditions, without the 
softening influence of natural shelter and windbreaks, are the best 
proofs of absolute hardiness of our Evergreens. Evergreen trees are 
like old and true friends — always the same, winter and summer. They 
are the most characteristic of all plants as to habit of growth, form, and 
coloring. Individual planting as specimens develops their full beauty 
and character, but they are just as useful and harmonizing when planted 
for massing in groups, screens, or as hedges. 
ABIES • The Firs 
The Firs are well known, hardy, quick-growing trees, and differ from 
the spruces by having their needles arranged flat on the branches. 
Abies balsamea (Balsam Fir). A rapid-growing tree of slender, 
pyramidal form, extremely hardy; well suited to moist places. Foliage 
dark green, silvery underneath; of balsamic fragrance. 
A. concolor (White Fir). A very hardy and graceful tree. Foliage 
heavy, bright green; cones usually purple. Grows rapidly and to con- 
siderable height. An excellent landscape tree. 
A. Fraseri (Double Balsam Fir). Similar in appearance and habit to 
A. balsamea, but has darker and richer foliage. It is considered to be a 
longer-lived tree. 
A. Nordmanniana (Nordmann’s Fir). Although well adapted to 
grouping, it is not until planted as a specimen that this magnificent 
evergreen shows its full value. The broad, heavy needles are dark green 
and shining, silvery underneath. This tree builds itself up in distinct, 
beautifully regulated tiers. 
A. pectinata (European Silver Fir). A tree of vigorous, upright 
growth; very hardy and giving entire satisfaction under almost any cli- 
matic and soil conditions. Equally valuable as an ornamental or forest 
tree, it being the predominating tree of the famous Black Forest of 
Germany. 
BIOTA • The Chinese Arborvitae 
The handsome evergreens of this family are of beautiful, dense growth. 
They have come to us from the Orient, and are much hardier than 
generally considered, although they thrive best in a somewhat sheltered 
location. 
Biota orientalis (Chinese Arborvitae). Quite distinct from the Amer- 
ican Arborvitae. Deep green, soft, feathery foliage; upright growing. 
B. orientalis aurea nana. Fine plant of dwarf habit, compact and 
bushy. Always beautiful, rich golden-tipped foliage. 
B. orientalis filiformis stricta. A recent and valuable introduc- 
tion. The foliage is bright green and in thread-like, pendulous strings. 
.Somewhat dwarf and quite compact. 
CUPRESSUS The Cypress 
The Cypress forms an extremely graceful tree, thriving best in a rich, 
well-drained soil, in the vicinity of other big trees for shelter. 
Cupressus Lawsoniana (Triumph of Boskoop). A hardy, rapid- 
growing tree, with light, feather-like foliage of bluish shining green. The 
branches are somewhat drooping. A good lawn tree and especially val- 
uable in specimen plantings. 
JUINIPERUS The Cedars 
This large, natural family of evergreen trees is probably the most re- 
markable in many respects. For number, usefulness, and distinctiveness 
of its species and varieties it is hardly equaled. Including our hardiest 
natives, the Red Cedars, they range in size from medium-high trees to 
the smallest bush forms and dwarfs, trailing flat over rocks and sand- 
banks. Select evergreens for specimens groups, or entire hedges and 
windbreaks, in almost any range of color or shape, and for any locality, 
dry or moist, exposed or sheltered, will be found amongst the Junipers. 
Juniperus, continued 
Juniperus canadensis. A splendid tree for mass plantings. A low 
grower, spreading nearly as far as its height. Foliage is a clear silvery 
green. Effective when planted with darker-foliaged trees. 
J. chinensis Pfitzeriana. An excellent tree for both mass and speci- 
men planting. Foliage is silvery green with white markings on under 
side; light and thread-like. The best of all the dwarf-growing ever- 
greens. Our stock is magnificent. 
J. chinensis procumbens (Procumbent Chinese Juniper). A shrubby 
variety of trailing habit. Foliage green, and quite dense. Good for 
covering banks, and for edging. 
J. communis (English Juniper). A low-growing Juniper of some- 
what prostrate habit. Foliage is a bright lustrous green. Should be used 
in mass plantings in front of some taller-growing varieties, or where its 
bright foliage will be given prominence by comparison with dark trees. 
J. communis depressa. A shrubby bush rarely exceeding 4 feet in 
height. Very spreading, and will cover quite a large patch of ground. 
The foliage is dark green, short and thick. Useful for edging and in mass 
plantings. Very pleasing appearances are obtained when planted in 
front of taller varieties in masses. 
J. communis hibernica (Irish Juniper). One of the finest Junipers 
for ornamental planting. The trunk is straight, and the branches very 
closely appressed to the trunk, giving the tree a formal and columnar 
appearance. Foliage sea-green. 
J. macrocarpa (neaboriensis). A densely foliaged tree of medium 
height. Foliage is an attractive sea-green. 
J. Sabina (Compact Savin Juniper). A low grower of somewhat 
bushy habit. Foliage dark green and dense. For rockeries and mass 
plantings. 
J. Sabina tamariscifolia (Gray-carpet Juniper). A trailing variety 
of J. Sabina. Foliage grayish green. Good for edgings or terraces. 
J. squamata. Somewhat similar to J. procumbens, but more com- 
pact in habit. Hardy and vigorous. 
J. virginiana (Red Cedar). The Red Cedar is our hardiest and 
most popular native evergreen. The natural tree forms a fine conical 
pyramid, but it can easily be trained into almost any form desired. It is 
extensively used for group- and screen-planting, and for hedges. It is 
densely branched, the color varying from a reddish to a dark green, and 
is often of a glaucous tint. 
J. virginiana Cannartii. Grows to medium height. Foliage dark 
green and compact. Branches slightly pendulous. Very symmetrical 
form. Good for mass and specimen planting. 
J. virginiana elgantissima (Golden Cedar). A handsome tree, with 
golden brown foliage. Erect and columnar in appearance, making it a 
good tree for specimen planting where a formal effect is wanted. 
J. virginiana glauca (Blue Cedar). The leading Cedar for 
specimen planting. Foliage bright silvery blue. Tree is pyramidal in 
outline. A beautiful variety worthy of wide planting. 
J. virginiana Schottii. An upright, symmetrical tree of variable 
growth. Branches are slender. Foliage light green and fern-like. Best 
for specimen planting. 
J. virginiana tripartita. A bushy tree, with stiff, prickly, grayish 
green foliage. Its habit is spreading. Useful in mass plantings. 
PICEA • The Spruces 
No other family of evergreens is likely to be better known or more 
largely planted than the Spruces. They are splendidly fitted for individ- 
ual planting, and develop into grand specimens; or they are just as 
effective for groups, collections, and windbreaks. Generally they are 
rapid growers, attaining a good age and thrive in almost any except wet 
soils. 
Picea alba (White Spruce). A very attractive tree of compact pyram- 
idal form. Foliage is silvery gray. Grows to about 40 feet. Good for 
mass plantings. 
P. excelsa (Norway Spruce). A handsome tree widely used for Christ- 
mas trees. Foliage is dark, shining green. The tree grows to consider- 
able height. Has numberous uses, being valuable for hedges, or in mass 
and specimen planting. Extremely hardy. 
P. excelsa pendula. Known as the Weeping Norway Spruce, and 
resembles it, but the foliage is a lighter green. The branches grow 
straight out from the trunk and droop gracefully at the ends. More 
valuable in specimen plantings than in masses. 
