Y4: FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 
The Pine Family (Pinacece) . 
(See also cases 446, 447, 448, 449). 
Case 1. This case is devoted to an illustrative collection of 
the fruits (cones) of various types of Pines. Observe the pyra- 
midal form characteristic of the as yet unopened cones of the 
pine, represented by those of the Aleppo Pine (Pinus halepensis) , 
and the Larch Pine (Pinus Laricio) ; note also the large opened 
cones of the Sugar Pine (Pinus Lambertiana) and the Geor- 
gia Pine (Pinus palustris) ; the characteristic egg-shaped, few- 
scaled form of the Weeping or Funeral Cypress (Cupressus 
funebris) ; the closely knit narrow-scaled form of the firs, as 
shown in the cone of the Red Fir (Abies magnifica) ; the hard 
woody-scaled fruits of the Virginia Pine (Pinus pungens) and 
the Western Pitch Pine (Pinus Coulteri) ; and the small sprawl- 
ing-scaled, globe-shaped, nut producing fruits of the Mexican 
Pinon (Pinus edulis). 
Case 2. — This case exemplifies seed types and several util- 
izations of members of the family. Note the three distinct 
forms of seeds : the nut-like seeds of Pinus edulis, the winged 
seed of the Mountain Pine (Pinus montana), and the peculiar 
elongated form of the edible seed of the Candelabra Pine 
of Chili (Araucaria imbricata). Note the general characters 
distinguishing the wood of this family as shown in the center 
of the case; Red Cedar (Juniperus virginiana), White Fir 
(Abies concolor), Cypress (Taxodium distichum), Douglas 
Spruce (Pseudotsuga mucronata), the Yellow Pine (Pinus 
mitis), the Sugar Pine (Pinus Lambertiana), and the Hem- 
lock (Tsuga canadensis). The large block of inner bark of 
the California Red Wood (Sequoia sempervirens) indicates 
the great thickness to which the bark grows, while the walk- 
ing stick made from it signifies its strength. Instructive ex- 
amples of the utilization of pine bark as textile material are 
shown in the Giant Cedar bark of Vancouver Island (Thuja 
plicata).^ Native uses of pine resins are exemplified in the 
Ceylon fishing torches formed by wrapping the resin of Pinus 
Jongifolia in the shredded leaves of the Talipot palm. Three 
medicinal uses of the Pines are exemplified in specimens of 
the ground bark of the Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) , the 
^ See also Case 17. 
