BOTANY AND PLANT ECONOMICS 87 
their woods, oils, and gums. The woods are hard and enduring, 
coming into many utilizations; their oils medicinal and utilized 
in the arts ; and their gums (Kinos) valuable as tanning sub- 
stances. 
The Mulberry Family (Moracece) . 
(See also Cases 69 and 461.) 
Case 87. — Laos paper manufactured by the Siamese from the 
bark of Khoi {Streblus asper), showing the different processes 
and results, from the bark itself to the peculiar accordion-like 
Siamese books. Note the black books made from this paper 
treated with the charcoal of Ton Sanoh (Aeschynomene indica 
of the Bean Family) and used in the native courts of law, 
being written upon with a cream-colored steatite pencil; which 
see. Note also, fibers and cordage from various species of fig. 
(See also Case 69.) 
The Elm Family (Ulmacece), 
Case 88. — Note the various seeds of the Elms (Ulmus) and 
compare them with those of the Proteaceae. Note the utilization 
of the mucilaginous inner bark of the Slippery Elm {Ulmus 
fulva). 
The Protean Family {ProteacecB) . 
Case 88. — A family of peculiar plants having their highest 
development in Australia. Their leaves and fruits show rela- 
tionship to the Oaks and Elms though they are very character- 
istic in their differences. Note the peculiar fruits of the various 
species of Banksia, especially those of Banksia serrulata, and ob- 
serve that the leaves are oak-like, the fruit-body chestnut-like, 
the fruit-cells Hakea-like, and the seeds Elm-like. Note the 
peculiar fruits of the Hake Bushes (Hakea sp,) ; the heavy, 
woody, pear-like fruit of Xylomelum pyriforme and its small seed 
cavity; and the prettily marked wood of the Honeysuckle {Bank- 
sia integri folia). 
The Flax Family {Linacece) . 
Case 89. — A framed napkin of finest Irish Damascene linen 
made for the Royal table of Queen Victoria. This exemplifies 
