BOTANY AND PLANT ECONOMICS 93 
Cases 148 and 149. — The black palms. Fiber and rope of the 
Brazilian Piassaba (Attalea funifera)j with brushes made of the 
same; flower spathe, fiber and wood of the Black Sugar Palm of 
Ceylon (Borassus flabelliformis) ; fiber and cordage from the Wine 
Palm of Ceylon (Caryota urens) ; Javanese Jaggery Sugar from 
the Jaggery Palm {Arenga saccharifera) ; stripped leaves of the 
Talipot Palm (Corypha iinihraciilifera) and a Cinghalese book 
made from the natural leaves of this species; and fiber, cordage, 
and mat made of the fiber of the Japanese Shuro (Chamaerops 
excelsa). 
Cases 150 and 151. — Devoted to an exposition of various 
fruits of the palms and their utilizations. Dates, the fruit of 
the Date Palm {Phoenix dactylifera) a noble tree, forty to 
eighty feet high, invaluable to the desert people of Northern 
Africa whose most important wants it supplies. Fruits of the 
Betel Palm of the Indies (Areca catechu) a favorite masticatory 
among the natives. (See also monograph on Betel Chewing, 
Case 80.) Note wax obtained from the Brazilian Wax Palm 
(Copernicia cerifera). Note also the various sectioned fruits 
of the Palms and the diverse disposition of the kernels. Palm 
Oil soap and candles obtained from the African Oil Palm 
(Elaeis guineensis) . 
Hat Palm Family {Cyclanthacece) . 
Case 152. — Note the split leaf of the Panama-hat “Palm” 
(Carludovica palmata) and the prepared “Jipijapa” for hat 
making. This is not a true palm but a connecting link between 
the Palms and the Aroids. 
Pondweed Family {Pontederiacece) . 
Case 152. — A small family of water plants no member of 
which has so far been utilized in the arts or industries of the 
world. 
The Rush Family (Juncacece) . 
Case 152. — Note the “Grass matting” or Rush matting manu- 
factured from the stems {culms) of the common rush {Junctis 
effusus). 
The Calla Family {Aracece) . 
Case 152. — A large family of water-loving plants typified by 
the common Calla “lily” of the gardens. Note the root of the 
