BOTANY AND PLANT ECONOMICS 1U5 
The Buttercup Family {Ranunculacece), 
Case 445. — Note the peculiar characteristic fruit of the Vir- 
gin^s Bower (Clematis virginiana) and the various medicinal 
agents yielded by acrid poisonous members of the family, viz., 
Aconite (Aconitum napellus), Hellebore (Helleborus niger), 
Golden Seal (Hydrastis canadensis). Black Cohosh (Cimicifuga 
racemosa) and others. Note that several members yield yellow 
dyes, such as Hydrastis, and Ispariak (Delphinium sulphurica) a 
yellow rug dye of Turkestan. 
The Barberry Family (Berberidacece) . 
Case 445. — The botanical relationship of this family to the 
Buttercups is shown in the yellow dye products as well as 
the physiologic action of its drugs. Note May Apple Root 
(Podophyllum peltatum), Blue Cohosh (Caulophyllum thalic- 
troides), and Barberry Bark (Berberis vulgaris), all well known 
hepatic remedies ; yarn dyed yellow with the latter substance, and 
Rasaut (Berberis aristata) an Indian leather dye. 
The Moonseed Family (Menispermacece) , 
Case 445. — Note the consanguinity of this family with the 
last two in its production of hepatic remedies and yellow dyes. 
The British India Tree Tumeric (Coscinium fenestratum) a yel- 
low dye and stomachic tonic; Pareira (Cissampelos Pareira) a 
tonic and antidote for snakebites; Pareira Brava (Chondoden- 
dron tomentosum) used for the same purposes in Brazil; Ca- 
lumba Root (J aetorrhiza palmata) the valuable tropic antidysen- 
terric; and yellow Parilla (Menispermum canadense) the hepatic 
stimulant and tonic of North America. 
The Pine Family (Pinacece). 
(Cases 446 to 449, also Cases 1 to 17.) 
Cases 446 to 447. — Note the tissue similarity in the various 
woods yielded by this family of which these cases contain over 
60 from various parts of the world. Note the readiness with 
which the wood splits as seen in the ‘‘bundle veneers’’ of the 
Japanese Hinoki (Thuja obtusa), Momi (Abies firma) and Hiba 
(Thuja dolabrata). 
Case 448. — ^Japanese pine chips, braid and twine products 
