543 
of Edinburgh, Session 1885-86. 
provided the depth is not too great for the resistance of the vacuous 
globe to pressure. 
Rung has an ingenious water-bottle in the shape of a large 
syringe * with a weighted handle (inside which there is a reversing 
thermometer ) ; it is sunk with the nozzle downwards, the handle 
being looped up to a spring hook, which disengages it when a weight 
is slipped down the line from the ship. The syringe is then in- 
verted, the heavy handle draws out the piston, and water enters 
through the small hole of the nozzle. 
The water-bottles most usually employed during the last fifteen 
years are made on a principle altogether different from any of those 
enumerated above. Ekman’s apparatus was used for work in 
shallow water by the Norwegian North Atlantic Expedition. It 
consisted f of a framework like the stand for an hour-glass, the 
bottom being a brass plate with an india-rubber ring let into it. 
A cylinder, open below and provided with a flanged opening above, 
was suspended by a catch to the upper part of the frame, and the 
whole was lowered over the side. On striking the water the catch 
fell back, but the rush of water kept the cylinder at the upper part 
of the frame work ; as soon as the line was checked the cylinder 
fell, its base rested on the india-rubber ring, against which it was 
pressed by a spring catch. 
H. A. Meyer’s slip water-bottle J was used on the German 
North Sea Expedition of 1872, and bottles of identical character, at 
least so far as regards their main features, were constructed for the 
“ Challenger.” § This form is practically Marcet’s inverted. Instead 
of consisting of a cylinder with a rod bearing two conical valves 
hung by a spring above it, it consists of a rod with two conical 
valves and a cylinder hung above them. In Meyer’s arrangement 
the slip cylinder was hung by a cord to a tumbler, developed from 
that of Brooke’s sounding-rod, and the inner edges at each end of 
* Described and figured, DenteTcnisTce Forenings Tidslcrift, 1883. 
t Described and figured, Norske Nordliavs Expedition, iv. (1880), pt. ii. 
p. 17. 
t Described and figured, Epeped. zur phys.-chem. und biol. Untersuch. der 
Nordsee im Sommer 1872 (1875), p. 4. 
§ For full particulars and figures of the £ ‘ Challenger ” water-bottles, with 
Mr Buchanan’s more recent improvements, and of Mr Buchanan’s combined 
sounding-rod and water-bottle, see Challenger Rep. Narrative, vol. i. pt. i. 
p. 111. 
