of Edinburgh, Session 1883-84, 
353 
rich and melodious, and apparently lends itself well to oratory and 
song. It belongs to the Negro group of languages, for the Madis 
are pure negroes. 
Note. — I liad at first intended to illustrate this paper with drawings from 
objects in my collection, which are interesting as being the only ones that 
have yet found their way into Europe, Finding, however, that somewhat 
similar articles may be found depicted in Geschichte der Waffen, Band iii. , 
Berlin und Leipzig, 1877, and in Schweinfurth’s Aries Afi'icance^ Sampson 
Low, 1875, this has been deemed unnecessary. 
4. On the Crinoidea of the North Atlantic between Gibraltar 
and the Faeroe Islands. By P. Herbert Carpenter, 
D.Sc. (Camb.), Assistant Master at Eton College. With 
some Notes on the Myzostomida, by Prof. L. von Graff, 
Ph.D. Communicated by Mr John Murray. 
Introduction. 
This communication falls conveniently into two sections — I. 
dealing with the specimens obtained by H.M.SS. “Lightning” and 
“ Porcupine,” during what may be called the pre-Challenger period 
of deep-sea exploration ; II. concerning those dredged by the 
“ Knight Errant ” and “ Triton ” during the surveys of the Wyville 
Thomson ridge, which were conducted in the years 1880-82. 
All the species wiU be properly described and illustrated in the 
“Challenger” Eeports ; but many reasons seem to render it desirable 
that some of them, and more especially the Comatulce^ should be 
briefly noticed before the larger report can be published. 
My friend Professor L. von Graff has kindly sent me a short 
account of the Myzostomida, from which it will appear that four 
species of these parasites have been added to the two already 
known in the British seas. 
I. The Crinoids obtained by H.M.SS. Lightning and 
Porcupinef 1868-70. 
The detailed zoological results of the preliminary dredging expe- 
ditions of the “Lightning” and the “Porcupine,” in the years 
1868-70, have been so completely cast into the shade by the mag- 
